Books About Actual Witch Hunts for POTUS to Read

Books About Actual Witch Hunts for POTUS to Read You know how you learn a new word and you find a way to crowbar it into conversations? Well, it seems that the commander-in-chief has recently learned the term witch hunt…and boy, does he love it! But its made obvious in his myriad tweets and rants that hes not entirely clear on what a witch hunt is. I think we can help out a bit here. Here is a list of books that will educate the man behind the Resolute desk on what constitutes a witch hunt, and what is merely the wheels of justice and democracy grinding away. The Witches: Suspicion, Betrayal, and Hysteria in 1692 Salem by Stacy Schiff Pulitzer Prize winner Stacy Schiff, author of the #1 bestseller Cleopatra, provides an electrifying, fresh view of the Salem witch trials. The Witches is Schiff s riveting account of a seminal episode, a primal American mystery unveiled-in crackling detail and lyrical prose-by one of our most acclaimed historians. Many Are the Crimes: McCarthyism in America by Ellen Schrecker From an award-winning McCarthy scholar comes the first post-Cold War exploration of the anticommunist witch-hunt and its devastating impact. Tracing the way that a network of dedicated anticommunists created blacklists and destroyed organizations, this broad-based inquiry reveals the connections between McCarthyisms disparate elements in the belief that understanding its terrible mechanics can prevent a repetition. Nightmare in Red: The McCarthy Era in Perspective by Richard M. Fried Richard Frieds Nightmare in Red offers a riveting and comprehensive account of this crucial time. He traces the second Red Scares antecedents back to the 1930s, and presents an engaging narrative about the many different people who became involved in the drama of the anti-communist fervor, from the New Deal era and World War II, through the early years of the Cold War, to the peak of McCarthyism, and beyond McCarthys censure to the decline of the House Committee on Un-American Activities in the 1960s. Witchcraze: A New History of the European Witch Hunts by Anne L. Barstow Barstow argues that it is only with eyes sensitive to gender issues that we can discern what really happened in the persecution and murder of these women. Her sweeping chronicle examines the scapegoating of women from the ills of society, investigates how their subjugation to sexual violence and death sent a message of control to all women, and compares this persecution of women with the enslavement and slaughter of African slaves and Native Americans. Whores of the Devil: Witch-Hunts and Witch-Trials by Erik Durschmied An exhaustive look at the persons and organizations who persecuted witches throughout modern history. Covering the Middle Ages up through modern times, this unique history explores the development of the witch delusion and uncovers the cruel butchers who hunted and executed so-called witches. It explores in-depth the various motivationsâ€"including self-protection, personal vindictiveness, public recognition, political aims, and sheer greedâ€"behind those who condemned, tortured, and executed numerous innocent people. A Storm of Witchcraft: The Salem Trials and the American Experience by Emerson W. Baker As Emerson Baker illustrates in this seminal new work, Salem was a perfect storm, a unique convergence of conditions and events that produced something extraordinary throughout New England in 1692 and the following years, and which has haunted us ever since. Baker shows how a range of factors in the Bay colony in the 1690s, including a new charter and government, a lethal frontier war, and religious and political conflicts, set the stage for the dramatic events in Salem. Salem Possessed: The Social Origins of Witchcraft by Paul Boyer and Stephen Nissenbaum The stark immediacy of what happened in 1692 has obscured the complex web of human passion which had been growing for more than a generation before building toward the climactic witch trials. Salem Possessed explores the lives of the men and women who helped spin that web and who in the end found themselves entangled in it. The European Witch-craze of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries and Other Essays by H.R. Trevor-Roper In this study, Professor Trevor-Roper reveals the social and intellectual background to the witch-craze of the 16th and 17th centuries. Orthodoxy and heresy had become deeply entrenched notions in religion and ethics as an evangelical church exaggerated the heretical theology and loose morality of its opponents. Gradually, non-conformists as well as whole societies began to be seen in terms of stereotypes and witches became the scapegoats for all the ills of society. Religion and the Decline of Magic by Keith Thomas Witchcraft, astrology, divination, and every kind of popular magic flourished in England during the 16th and 17th centuries, from the belief that a blessed amulet could prevent the assaults of the Devil to the use of the same charms to recover stolen goods. At the same time, the Protestant Reformation attempted to take the magic out of religion, and scientists were developing new explanations of the universe. Keith Thomass classic analysis of beliefs held on every level of English society begins with the collapse of the medieval Church and ends with the changing intellectual atmosphere around 1700, when science and rationalism began to challenge the older systems of belief. A Delusion of Satan by Frances Hill This acclaimed history illuminates the horrifying episode of Salem with visceral clarity, from those who fanned the crisis to satisfy personal vendettas to the four-year-old witch chained to a dank prison wall in darkness till she went mad. Antonia Fraser called it a grisly read and an engrossing one. And because I think these might be more his speed… What Were the Salem Witch Trials? by Joan Holub, illustrated by Dede Putra Something wicked was brewing in the small town of Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. It started when two girls, Betty Parris and Abigail Williams, began having hysterical fits. Soon after, other local girls claimed they were being pricked with pins. With no scientific explanation available, the residents of Salem came to one conclusion: it was witchcraft. Over the next year and a half, nineteen people were convicted of witchcraft and hanged while more languished in prison as hysteria swept the colony. Author Joan Holub gives readers and inside look at this sinister chapter in history. Blast Back: The Salem Witch Trials by Nancy Ohlin, illustrated by Roger Simo When people think about the Salem Witch Trials, things like witchcraft and the Puritans may come to mind. But what were the trials all about, and were people really practicing witchcraft? This engaging nonfiction book, complete with black and white interior illustrations, will make readers feel like theyve traveled back in time. It covers everything from how the craze started to what happened at the trials, and more. Find out interesting, little-known facts such as how most of the accused were from outside of Salem, Massachusetts, and how even animals were accused of witchcraft. The unique details along with the clever and humorous interior illustrations make this series stand out from the competition. Witches! The Absolutely True Tale of Disaster in Salem by Rosalyn Schanzer The riveting, true story of the victims, accused witches, crooked officials, and mass hysteria that turned a mysterious illness affecting two children into a witch hunt that took over a dozen peoples lives and ruined hundreds more unfolds in chilling, novelistic detailâ€"complete with stylized black-white-and-red scratchboard illustrations of young girls having wild fits in the courtroom, witches flying overhead, and the Devil and his servants terrorizing the Puritansâ€"in this young adult book by award-winning author and illustrator Rosalyn Schanzer. Eh, who are we kidding? He doesnt read. But you probably do…so check them out! Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles.

Racial Discrimination - 1853 Words

Racial discrimination is the distinction, restriction, preference or exclusion that is based on colour, race, ethnic origin, descent or nationality with a purpose of impairing the recognition, enjoyment of human rights and the fundamental freedoms (Anon., 2012). It is unlawful according to the Australian hotels association (AHA) and the tourism accommodation Australia (TAA) to discriminate against anyone by treating them unfairly compared to others or harassing them because of their sex, race (colour, descent, nationality, ethnicity), marital/domestic status, and transgender. MCD Pty Ltd hotel along the sunshine coast might have both the direct and indirect discrimination where the treatment can be unfair or unequal. For instance, the†¦show more content†¦The laws allows that anyone be served regardless of where he or she comes from. This means that some few groups will be disadvantaged since these requirements can’t be the same for everyone. Hence this is indirect discrimination. The MCD Pty Ltd chain hotels bosses can be termed to be racists also. This is due to the fact that foreigner’s or indigenous sounding names of job seekers have less chances of getting hired in Australia. For instance your name has to sound Italian and be in Melbourne so that you can have an advantage of landing a job in the hotels. According to a research conducted by Australian National University researchers (Andrew Leigh,Alena Vargonova and Alison Booth), indicates the Australian bosses are racists. These researchers sent 4,000 fake job applicants where those who had Chinese names were the worst. They only had one out of five chances of proceeding to interviews compared to their counterparts who had Anglo-Saxon names who had one in every three chances (Martin, June 18,2009). This results varied by cities where those in Sydney were more discriminatory than those in Brisbane or Melbourne except that they were more accepting indigenous names. Melbourne’s had a tendency of accepting Italian decent names since the Italians have a higher share in the city compared to other Australian cities. Therefore discrimination tends to increase when there is a recent influx of arrivals as Sunshine coastShow MoreRelatedOvert Racial Discrimination and Institutional Racial Discrimination635 Words   |  3 PagesPrior to the 1960s, discrimination was viewed as a creature of prejudice (Feagin Feagin, 1988). What this means is that the problem of discrimination was viewed as one motivated primarily by individuals (or groups of individuals) on the basis of prejudice or hatred. Implicit in this prejudice-causes-discrimination-model (Feagin Feagin, p. XX) was the assumption that the solution to discrimination was one of simply eliminating prejudice. Thus, the elimination of prejudicial behavior wouldRead MoreRacial Prejudice And Racial Discrimination Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesRacial discrimination is one of many terms used to ex press the suppression of a race or many races, but more specifically, it refers to the ill-treatment a person or group receives as a result of differences in their race, color, descent, national, ethnic origin or immigrant status. (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2016). Racial discrimination can be perpetrated by individuals within society, and corporate institutions such as schools, the work force and the government, all of which we have seenRead MoreRacial Prejudice And Racial Discrimination1637 Words   |  7 Pagesreferencing the topic of racism and racial discrimination in today’s society, one of the biggest questions that still remain unanswered is as such: Why does racial discrimination still exist? What factors take place within the human mind that might cause feelings of hatred and bigotry? 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A racial comment would be that African Americans are dangerous coming from the fact that there are more African American in prison that any other demographic. In today’s America, racism is practiced in every sort of way from subtle, aversive, to even â€Å"reverse† racism and, many more. the most common way to racially discriminate against a group is through visual processing, ho wever, what causes this to be the most common mean of discrimination, could it be that this is howRead MoreRacial Discrimination And Gender Discrimination962 Words   |  4 Pagesincreasingly being seen, especially on social media. It s a single word which people are using instead of the longer phrases disability discrimination or disability prejudice. Racial discrimination and gender discrimination have their own single words - racism and sexism - and so those ideas can be expressed a little more easily. Disability discrimination is often complicated and misunderstood. At one end of the scale, buildings with steps instead of ramps may be said to be ableist. Less obviousRead MoreRacial Oppression And Racial Discrimination997 Words   |  4 PagesHuman begins since the beginning of time have understood the concept of racial solidarity but yet decides to ignore it. Racial oppression is a direct consequence of a superior race. Racial oppression is the act of power that causes the sta te of being to feel heavily exploited. There are two types of racial oppression that are not commonly well known of, institutionalized and internalized. Institutionalized oppression is expressed when a group of people based on their race has a different chance ofRead MoreA Brief Note On Discrimination And Racial Discrimination1532 Words   |  7 PagesDiscrimination made its way to planet earth way before it could be documented. Racial discrimination happens all over the world both consciously and unconsciously, destroying lives every day. Racial discrimination can best be described as, when a person is treated less favorably than another person in a similar situation because of their race, color, descent, national or ethnic origin or immigrant status. There are many forms of racial discrimination even if we don’t want to face it. Among the mostRead MoreRacial Discrimination And Its Effects On American Culture970 Words   |  4 PagesIf there is one thing I have noticed dur ing my, admittedly, short sixteen years, it is the racial discrimination and obvious bigotry of the those who are not white. Stereotypes and detrimental comments are slung every which way. Others, rely on subtle jabs while some are oblivious to the offense of the people they are around. It seems to me, that people do not seem to care. I have listened to countless conversations where people would nonchalantly insult their own culture and heritage as if theyRead MoreRacial Discrimination Essay2245 Words   |  9 Pages The purpose of this paper is to examine the causes, consequences and remedies of racial discrimination in the labor market. Understanding racial discrimination in the labor market is of critical importance because of the sever wage differentials between different races in the market. Most of the economic research on racial discrimination focuses on black and white males. Hence this paper will also be focusing on wage and employment differentials between black and white males. I will start by discussing

Farming and Agriculture Vocabulary for ESL Students

Here is a list of farming and agriculture vocabulary  for the industry. Its not a complete list of all the words youll need to work in this industry, but its a good place to start. The part of speech is listed for each word. Each word is followed by an example sentence to provide context. Do you know the word? If not, use a dictionary to look the word up. Next, follow the tips to practice the new vocabulary. Ability - (noun)  Our ability to produce hay has tripled over the past three years.Academic - (adjective)  Its important to have an academic background when breeding crops.Activities - (noun)  Our fall activities include a hayride and corn maze.Affect - (verb)  The past winters rains will affect the harvest.Agricultural - (adjective)  The agricultural landscape has changed greatly over the past fifty years.Agriculture - (noun)  Agriculture used to play a much larger role in the economy.American - (adjective)  American farmers produce wheat which is sold abroad.Animal - (noun)  Its important not to feed these animals any corn.Aquaculture - (noun)  Aquaculture is an expanding business opportunity.Aspect - (noun)  One aspect of our business focuses on grain production.Background  - (noun)  Our family has an excellent background in agriculture.Bails  - (noun)  Pick up those bails of hay and take them to the barn.Bitten  - (adjective)  If youve been bitten by a snake, see the doctor!Breed  - (noun)  We breed horses on our ranch.Breeding  Ã‚  - (noun)  Breeding dogs is a popular business in the countryside.Business  Ã‚  - (noun)  Our business focuses on hemp import.Care  - (noun)  We should provide better care for our livestock.Cattle  - (noun)  The cattle are in the south field.Certification  - (noun)  We need to apply for certification once every three years.Chemicals  - (noun plural)  We promise not to use chemicals in our fertilizer.Clean  - (adjective)  Youll find the barn is clean and ready for the livestock.Climate  - (noun)  The climate is changing rapidly and we need to respond.Cold  - (adjective)  Last year we lost a few crops to the cold.Common  - (adjective)  Its a common method to fight insect infestation.  Communication  - (noun)  The communication between farmer and market is essential.Computer  - (noun)  Use that computer to do the bookkeeping.Conditions  Ã‚  - (no un)  Well harvest next week if weather conditions are good.Constantly - (adverb)  We strive to constantly improve our products.Continue  Ã‚  - (verb)  Lets continue watering this field until five.Contract  Ã‚  - (noun)  We signed a contract to deliver 200 head of cattle.Contrast  - (noun/verb)  We contrast our products to others by organically farming.Cooperative  - (noun)  The farmers cooperative sells vegetables at very reasonable prices.Corporation  - (noun)  Unfortunately, corporations are replacing family farms.Cow  - (noun)  The cow was ill and was slaughtered.Credit  - (noun)  Its risky business taking out credit to seed a new field.Crop  - (noun)  This years corn crop was outstanding.Customer  Ã‚  - (noun)  The customer is always king.Dairy  - (adjective)  Our dairy products are sold throughout Washington.Decade- (noun)  Weve been in the business for more than a decade.Decline  - (noun/verb)  Unfortunately, weve seen a declin e in sales recently.Deliver  - (verb)  We deliver sod to your home.Demands  - (noun)  The demands of farming gets me up early every morning.Disease  - (noun)  Make sure that there is no disease in that crop.Drivers  - (adjective)  Get a drivers license and we can put you to work.Duties  - (noun)  Your duties include gathering eggs every morning.Egg  - (noun)  We gather more than 1,000 eggs each day.Environment  - (noun)  The environment is fragile.  Equipment  - (noun)  The equipment is located in the barn.Exposure- (noun)  The eastern field has more exposure to the sun.Facilities  - (noun)  Our facilities include three hundred acres of pasture land.Farm  - (noun)  The farm is located in Vermont.Farmer  - (noun)  The farmer purchased seed for his livestock.Feed  - (noun)  Take the feed out to the barn.Fertilizer  - (noun)  We use the best fertilizer possible on our crops.Fiber  - (noun)  You need more fiber in your diet.Fis h  - (noun)  Fish can be farmed for profit.Flower  - (noun)  We grow and sell flowers from all over the world.Fruit  - (noun)  The fruit is ripe.Grazing  - (noun)  Our horses are out grazing.Greenhouse  - (noun)  We grow tomatoes in the greenhouse.Grown  - (adjective)  We sell grown shrubs.Handle  - (noun/verb)  Grab that handle and lets lift this up onto the truck.Harvest  - (noun/verb)  Last years harvest was excellent.Hay  - (noun)  Load the hay into the back of the truck.Hazardous  - (adjective)  Be careful of the hazardous chemicals in some fertilizers.Health  - (noun)  Take care of your health.Horse  - (noun)  The horse needs to be shoed.  Horticulture  - (noun)  Horticulture should be taught in our local high school.Indoors  - (noun)  We grow the plants indoors in a controlled setting.Knowledge  - (noun)  He has a lot of knowledge about local plants.Laborer  Ã‚  - (noun)  We need to hire some laborers to help w ith the harvest.Land  - (noun)  You should invest in some new land for grazing.Landowner  Ã‚  - (noun)  The landowner rented out the land to a local business.Landscaping  - (noun)  Landscaping involves taking care of gardens and lawns.Leading  - (adjective)  The leading agricultural experts say to play in June.Lease  - (noun)  Our lease on this land is up at the end of January.License  - (noun)  Do you have a cultivation license?Livestock  - (noun)  The livestock are grazing in the fields.Location  - (noun)  Were looking for a new location for our farm.Machinery  - (noun)  Machinery costs keep rising.Machine  Ã‚  - (noun)  That machine needs to be repaired.Maintain  - (verb)  We maintain our own machinery.Maintenance  - (noun)  The maintenance is scheduled for next week.Meat  - (noun)  We have the freshest meat in the state.Method  Ã‚  - (noun)  We use traditional methods for our produce.Nursery  - (noun)  The nursery grows bushy plants and fruit trees.Nut  Ã‚  - (noun)  The hazelnut is common in Oregon.Offer  - (noun/verb)  Wed like to offer you a discount on our products.Operate  - (verb)  We operate in Lincoln County.Organic  - (adjective)  All of our food is organic.Oversee  - (verb)  Peter oversees our wheat sales.Pack  - (noun/verb)  Lets pack up these tools and go home.Pen  Ã‚  - (noun)  Use that pen to sign here.Pesticide  Ã‚  - (noun)  Pesticides are very dangerous and should be used with caution.Physical  - (adjective)  Farming is a very physical activity.Plant  - (noun)  That plant is new to our farm.Poultry  - (noun)  Chickens and turkeys are also known as poultry.Process  - (noun)  The curing process takes three weeks.Produce  - (noun/verb)  Our produce is sold throughout the state.Raise  - (verb)  We raise chicken and rabbits on our farm.Ranch  - (noun/verb)  The ranch is located in California.Rancher  - (noun)  The rancher spent the day herding the cattle.Reflecting  - (adjective)  This reflecting tape marks the spot.Regulation  Ã‚  - (noun)  There are many regulations that we need to follow.Repair  - (noun/verb)  Do you think you can repair the tractor?Responsibilities  - (noun)  My responsibilities include caring for livestock.Risk  - (noun/verb)  Bad weather is one of the greatest risks in farming.Rural  - (adjective)  Our rural location is ideal for farming activities.Safety  - (noun)  Safety is our first priority.Scale  - (noun)  Use that scale to weigh the fruit.  Schedule  - (noun/verb)  Our schedule includes three trips to the farm.Season  - (noun)  Its not harvest season yet.Seasonal  - (adjective)  We sell seasonal fruit at the fruit stand.Seed  - (noun)  Plant the seed here.Sheep  - (noun)  Those black sheep have excellent wool.Shrub  Ã‚  - (noun)  Those shrubs need to be trimmed.Supervise  - (verb)  Could you supervise the harve st this year?Training- (noun)  We should provide safety training for all of our employees.Tree  Ã‚  - (noun)  I planted that tree twenty years ago.Vegetable  Ã‚  - (noun)  We grow vegetables and fruit on our farm. Improving Your Vocabulary Tips Use each word in a sentence. First,  practice speaking. Next, write the sentences. Using the word when both speaking and writing will help you remember new words.  After writing a few words  in sentences try to write a paragraph using the same words.  Learn synonyms and antonyms by using an online thesaurus to further extend your farming and agriculture vocabulary.  Use a visual dictionary which will help you learn the names of specific equipment used in the industry.  Listen to co-workers and note how they use these words. Check your understanding when they use words in different ways.  Ask co-workers questions about how new words are used at work.

Dispute on Employee Motivation Free Essays

Arnold Bright is the Director of Human Resources at Company XYZ, in the same industry as Company ABC. John Chaplin has recent joined Company XYZ as Human Resources Manager. A recent graduate with a major in Organizational Behavior, he presents new ideas to Bright almost everyday. We will write a custom essay sample on Dispute on Employee Motivation or any similar topic only for you Order Now But, Chaplin has a speech disorder. He stammers, and cannot make himself clear at all times. A week back, Bright and Chaplin began to argue about employee motivation. Bright informed Chaplin that their company has the budget to enhance employee motivation with the best motivation enhancement program in the industry. He was referring to the use of Company ABC’s motivation enhancement program for its employees. Company ABC happens to be a leader in the industry, after all. Yet, Chaplin asserted that Company XYZ should develop its own employee motivation enhancement program with new research on the needs of employees at Company XYZ in particular. The argument turned into a dispute because Bright refused to agree with Chaplin. The latter was threatened that he would be fired if he fails to follow Bright’s instructions to implement Company ABC’s program. The Problem: Chaplin would lose his job if he does not agree to implement Company ABC’s program for employee motivation enhancement in Company XYZ. He knows, however, that his boss has an amenable personality. Thus, Chaplin would like to provide further information to Bright. He firmly believes that Bright has to be explained why it is best for Company XYZ to develop its own employee motivation enhancement program based on new research on its employees’ needs. After all, Chaplin is aware of latest research in the field of Organizational Behavior. Should Company XYZ implement Company ABC’s motivation enhancement program? Organizational behavior theories are known to differ as to what motivates employees, but not necessarily because the essential characteristics of all employees are varied across organizations and industries. Rather, the motivational needs of employees differ from organization to organization because separate work situations, ethics and settings, in addition to their interaction with individual personalities, teams, and managements call for different employee needs to be prioritized. Employee motivation is simply referred to as an organizational method to satisfy employees in areas where they feel unsatisfied. Whereas poor health and safety conditions might be the Number One challenge to encounter in Company ABC, it is possible that the employees of Company XYZ would be more motivated by higher salaries. Moreover, the employees of Company XYZ may hold a collective opinion that their working conditions are the best in the industry. Given that job performance is a function of ability and motivation, it is appropriate to inquire into the needs of workers in order to employ the correct mix of employee motivation strategies to boost job performance, company-wide (â€Å"Employee Motivation†). As an example, the employees of the Piketon Research and Extension Center and Enterprise Center were asked about the main motivating factors at their particular workplace. According to research findings, the employees believed themselves to be motivated by the following in the order of importance: â€Å"a) interesting work, (b) good wages, (c) full appreciation of work done, (d) job security, (e) good working conditions, (f) promotions and growth in the organization, (g) feeling of being in on things, (h) personal loyalty to employees, (i) tactful discipline, and (j) sympathetic help with personal problems† (Lindner). Contrary to these findings, a peer reviewed study on employee motivation found that most employees across various organizations believe the following to be the chief motivators at the workplace: â€Å"enjoyment of the work; work/life balance; pay satisfaction; link between pay and performance;† and â€Å"adequate staffing levels† (Katcher). Thus, it appears essential to increase employee motivation only after inquiring into the main motivators in a specific organization. Also within a single organization, the blue collar workers are expected to be more motivated by an increase in pay, while the white collar employees might believe that enjoyment of work is most essential. In this case, the organization would have to divide up its employees in two separate groups to inquire into the particular motivators for the blue collar workers as opposed to the white collar employees. It is best, therefore, for employee motivation strategies to be based on group by group studies. Chaplin should write a memorandum to Bright with latest research on the subject. It is possible that the latter has misunderstood Chaplin because of his speech disorder. Chaplin knows that Company XYZ has the budget to conduct new research on its employees’ needs to enhance their motivation. He should also mention in his note to Bright that implementation of Company ABC’s employee motivation program may possibly waste the resources of Company XYZ. After all, it may very well be that employees at Company ABC have a different set of needs altogether. So, even though Company ABC is a business leader, Company XYZ should refrain from blindly following its programs without a scientific inquiry into its own business processes and workplace culture. How to cite Dispute on Employee Motivation, Papers

Significance of Manned Missions to Mars free essay sample

After Apollo 11 succeeded in the first manned mission to land on the Moon in 1969, people’s interests were gradually leaving the Moon and went on to Mars, which is the most similar planet to Earth in the solar system. In such a current of public opinion, the U. S. and other countries have been trying to send human beings to Mars. However, today, there is a debate as to whether we should continue making efforts to send mankind to Mars, or not. Some people say that it is not worth the expense and risk to make a manned flight to Mars. On the other hand, others think it is still important to continue making those attempts – not for a material purpose, but for pursuing romance of space travel. Opponents of a manned mission to Mars claim that it costs too much to keep making attempts, and if we did not have to spend such money on those missions, we could increase health-care, education, and some other budgets. We will write a custom essay sample on Significance of Manned Missions to Mars or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is true. However, what is waiting for us in such a future as we will get at the sacrifice of dream or romance? What is necessary for people of today is not material wealth which we can get by cutting the budget of missions to Mars but mental wealth which we can cultivate by pursuing romance or dreaming of it. Opponents also maintain that we should quit trying to make those impractical attempts and wait until the technology is established because we cannot send mankind to Mars with the current technology. However, this argument is off the point because it is not important whether those attempts are impractical or not at the present moment. Necessity always makes technology develop. By practically continuing making efforts to send mankind to Mars, we can develop the technology which is needed to make it possible. In order to get something, we have to do something. Just waiting for something doesn’t help. The other arguments advanced by opponents is that we will not have any beneficial results except mental satisfaction such as dream or romance even if we can make a manned flight to Mars. However, of course, there are several beneficial things we will get from the success of missions to Mars. At first, understanding Mars helps us to understand more about our planet Earth because of the similarity between these two planets. We may be able to know how to protect the environment on Earth by studying how Mars died. Additionally, space engineering is one of the latest frontiers of science. We will be able to apply the technology we will have developed in this field to several other fields. Accordingly, missions to Mars have a benefit not only for people who are interested in Mars but also for people who are not. Certainly, it may not be easy to continue making efforts to send mankind to Mars, and it costs a lot. Nonetheless, things we get by missions to Mars are more than things we lose by it as mentioned above. By pursuing romance of space travel, we make dream which seems impossible to be achieved come true, and while we enjoy technology and knowledge we get from missions to Mars, we can avoid losing mental wealth at the same time. We should continue trying to make a manned flight to Mars.

Air Products Case Essay Example

Air Products Case Essay Example Air Products Case Essay Air Products Case Essay Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. is a mid-size company that is rooted in three different industries. They are generating income from all three industries and want to continue that upward trend. There are so many new technologies available for Air Products to use to give them competitive advantage. In order to use these new technologies, they will need to rely on their MIS group. Is the MIS group equip to provide such service? With three different industries involved, can MIS help them all? This case will emphasize how MIS can support the business and how to utilize them as a resource rather than a hindrance. 1. COMPANY BACKGROUND Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. is a global company that sells industrial gases, commodity specialty chemicals and process equipment. Air Products has two headquarters: one in Allentown, Pennsylvania and the other in Hersham, United Kingdom. The CEO and chairman is Dexter Baker. The Executive Vice President of MIS is Bob Lovett, the Vice President of MIS is Pete Mather and the Vice President of MIS Europe is John Shepherd. Air Products employees 13,000 people in more than 150 plants worldwide. 2. AS-IS MATRIX Figure 1 outlines Air Products As-Is for both the business and IT group. Air Products service a wide range of customers and competitors due to the three diverse industries they are involved in. Air Product is a strong competitor in all three industries as a result of their continued effort to lower manufacturing and distribution costs. They have also been able to implement a system that gives access to their engineering and database information globally. The Board of directors, stockholders and the management organization development committee are the major governing bodies when it comes to making company wide decisions. Air Products also adhere to government agencies like the PTT in Europe who regulates telecommunications. The organizational structure is setup to be functional based, horizontal and decentralized due to the diverse industries. The key processes are RD, engineering design, manufacturing, sales and marketing. Air Products recruits Ph. D. , MBA, BA and BE graduates from the top business universities in both the US and Europe. In Air Products MIS group, they provide support for many of the key business applications. Most of the applications are specific to one Business unit (BU) area. For example, the CAD/CAM application is used by the Process equipment group and RD Computing is only used for the chemical group. MIS maintains a data center, a DASD (disk storage), various client systems and mainframes to support business operations. MIS has successfully implemented project ICON that transferred Europes data center to the US data center. This allowed global access to one common database and enabled a company wide data consistency. The CIO, MIS directors and functional BU directors make these types of decisions in MIS. The architecture supported in Air Products include Ethernet based LAN and WAN, various client systems, mainframes, Tandem Dec, VAX, video conferencing equipment and telecommunications technology. The key processes of the MIS group provide customer support to our internal and external customer. MIS manages emerging technology, application development, database consistency and technology assessment. MIS recruits from MIS, BE and BS graduates from top technology universities. 3. WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS/OPPORTUNITIES? * SWOT ANALYSIS Figure 3 describes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the business areas and the MIS group. The MIS group generated a strength when they decided to relocated the MIS development group into their business areas and transferred management control to the business managers. MIS was also able to centralize the database access in the ICON project. Additionally, MIS took an active role to re- engineer the customer interface in order to provide 60,000 customers a one point of contact. Another strength came about by finding ways to lower manufacturing and distribution costs while increase sales and income revenue. The weaknesses found in Air Products steams from the diverse business areas. It is hard to work with three very different industries. It causes difficulties when MIS resources need to be shifted around. It limits the career paths for both the business and MIS employees as each area requires different training needs. It also becomes difficult to support and upgrade the various systems in these areas. MIS needs to start taking a different role in their way of supporting the business. There are always opportunities for improvement. Air Products has the opportunity expand their business world wide in order to dominate the three industries. The BU areas can improve upon their role in managing technology within their area. MIS can help improve the odds of MIS staff moving out into the other areas of the company. MIS can also improve customer service by providing global support coverage and provide more business driven services. MIS has to deal with a constant threat of communication failure between the main sites. MIS also has threats from competitors as they fight to attract college graduates from the top universities. MISs governing power over the company is threatened as MIS standards are not being followed. The organizational structure of MIS is threatened due to constant pressure from BU areas to come through with project or changes. * TO-BE MATRIX Figure 2 outlines the To-Be matrix of how Air Products should be in a future. The key to get Air Products to this future stage is to strengthen MIS to better support the business areas. In the To-Be, if MIS guides and directs the business to utilize and incorporate new technology, then Air Products can venture out to compete in other industries or to team up with other firms to work on a new product or service. Air Products could even become consultants to other companies at the areas they are best in and have the most expertise. Air Products would be able to branch out to other areas of the world and dominate competition in these locations worldwide. In the decision-making area, the major difference would be the presence of MIS executives in all the major committees. MIS would be there to bring in new ideas and technology to the business areas or help to initiate joint ventures with two or more areas. The number for strategic internal or external partners would increase due to these initiatives. The type of partners are no longer limited to other industrial firms. For example, Air Products can partner with universities or government laboratories for RD to create or test a new product. All these things listed above can be accomplished if two things changes: the organizational structure of MIS and HR takes a proactive role to hire, train and retain the skills needed to succeed. In Figure 2, the organization structure needs to become a federalist model where MIS becomes both centralized and decentralized. MIS needs to decentralize the areas that support the BU areas directly like the application development and project management. MIS also will need to centralize the standards of HW management and SW management, centralize architecture, integrate and standardize common functions found through out the company. Lastly, HR will need to start becoming more proactive to help the Air Products attract the people and skills they desire. Also to provide guidance in career paths and training after they get hired into the company. They can also provide job postings or project bidding to give employees the opportunities to get some exposure to the rest of the company. * MAJOR PROBLEMS OPPORTUNITIES There are 4 major problems in Air Products that need to be addressed. A. MIS developers were moved in the BU areas but both sides are not certain on how to align themselves to each other. They did not know what to expect when the change was implemented so the BU areas are not managing the MIS resources well. The MIS developers groups do not know enough to help or guide the BU. Their function is to develop what is asked of them from the BU they support. Therefore both sides are lacking vision and direction in terms of development of existing and future technology. B. MIS lags behind in new technology or skills in terms of their resources and is having a hard time getting or keeping those skills in IT and the company. C. MIS has too many diverse systems and they cause lots of problems when trying to upgrade these systems. MIS needs to come up with a plan to standardize equipment both international and US. MIS needs to find a way to better control of the architecture and centralize them. D. MIS needs to work on improving their image to their customers and become more of a key enabler for the BU areas to guide and direct them to gain competitive advantage in their industries. * CONSIDER THE KEY STAKEHOLDERS? In Figure 4, the stakeholders of each problem are listed. For problem A, the key stakeholders are Bob Lovett as sponsor, Pete Mather as champion, MIS development managers as project managers and the BU managers as the group that are placing the requests. The managers are the ones who are mostly affected by this problem. Currently both sides are working with each other as before but now the BU managers have control over the budget. The desired state would be for MIS to help both sides work more effectively with each other in order to gain competitive advantage for that industry. The champion will need to demonstrate to them how to better align themselves together. For problem B, the CEO will need to support this issue as a sponsor. The VP of HR will be the champion and the HR department is the business partner. HR currently is not providing much guidance in the career path of an employee. There are no guidelines for managers to use and no tools available to help employees to get to where they want to go next. The desired state is for the VP of HR and HR to come up with better HR development tools, provide career paths for all areas and create a training guideline for managers to use. For problem C, Pete Mather is the sponsor, John Shepherd, director of MIS in Europe is the champion, Shepherds group is the beachhead group and the outside vendor is the supplier. The current state of the systems is too overwhelming to conduct upgrades. There are too many vendors involved and difficulties of communication with the different systems. The desired state of affairs would be to have one vendor that supplies only one line of systems and the vendor implements and support those systems. For problem D, Bob Lovett is the sponsor, Pete Mather is the champion, the new MIS specialized teams is the enabler and the BU areas is the supported group. The current state of affairs is that the BU areas are not getting any guidance on how to incorporate new technology or improve their current technology and applications. The desired state would be to have MIS provide this guidance so that the BU areas can evaluate and utilize new technology as they arise.

10 Common Mistakes You Make on Tests

10 Common Mistakes You Make on Tests 1. Leaving an Answer Blank There is nothing wrong with skipping over a tough question to give yourself some extra time to think it overjust as long as you remember to go back to the question later. The danger is forgetting to go back to every question you’ve skipped. A blank answer is always a wrong answer! Solution: Each time you skip a question, put a check mark beside it. 2. Answering a Question Twice You’d be surprised how many times students choose two answers in multiple choice. This makes both answers wrong! Solution: Review your work and make sure each true/false and multiple choice question only has one answer circled! 3. Transferring Answers Incorrectly From Scratch Paper The most frustrating mistake for math students is having an answer correct on the scratch paper, but transferring it wrong to the test! Solution: Double check any work you transfer from a scratch sheet. 4. Circling the Wrong Multiple Choice Answer This is a costly mistake, but one that is very easy to make. You look over all the multiple choice answers and pick the one that is correct, but you circle the letter next to the correct answer- the one that doesn’t match your answer! Solution: Make sure the letter/answer you indicate is the one you really mean to select. 5. Studying the Wrong Chapter Whenever you have a test coming up, make sure that you understand which chapters or lectures the test will cover. There are times when a teacher will test you on a specific chapter that is never discussed in class. On the other hand, the teacher’s lectures may cover three chapters, and the test may cover only one of those chapters. When that happens, you can end up studying material that won’t appear on your exam. Solution: Always ask the teacher what chapters and lectures will be covered on a test. 6. Ignoring the Clock One of the most common errors students commit when taking an essay test is failing to manage time. This is how you end up in a panic with 5 minutes to go and 5 unanswered questions staring back at you. Solution: Always take the first few moments of an exam to assess the situation when it comes to essay questions and answers. Give yourself a time schedule and stick to it. Give yourself a set amount of time to outline and answer each essay question and stick to your plan! 7. Not Following Directions If the teacher says â€Å"compare† and you â€Å"define,† you are going to lose points on your answer. There are certain directional words that you should understand and follow when you take a test. Solution: Know the following directional words: Define: Provide a definition.Explain: Provide an answer that gives a complete overview or clear description of the problem and solution for a particular question.Analyze: Take apart a concept or a process, and explain it step by step.Contrast: Show differences.Compare: Show likenesses and differences.Diagram: Explain and draw a chart or other visual to illustrate your points.Outline: Provide an explanation with headings and subheadings. 8. Thinking Too Much It’s easy to over-think a question and begin to doubt yourself. If you tend to second-guess yourself, you will inevitably change a right answer to a wrong answer. Solution: If you are a thinker who tends to over-think, and you get a strong hunch when you first read an answer, go with it. Limit your thinking time if you know you tend to doubt your first instincts. 9. Technological Breakdown If your pen runs out of ink and you can’t complete an exam, your blank answers are just as wrong as they would have been for any other reason. Running out of ink or breaking your pencil lead halfway through a test sometimes means leaving half your exam blank. And that leads to an F. Solution: Always bring extra supplies to an exam. 10. Not putting Your Name on the Test There are times when failing to put your name on a test will result in a failing grade. This can happen when the test administrator doesn’t know the students, or when the teacher/administrator won’t see students again after the test is over (like at the end of a school year). In these special situations (or even if you have a very stern teacher) a test that doesn’t have a name attached to it will be tossed out. Solution: Always write your name on a test before you get started!