Anton Chekhovs Selected Stories :: Selected Stories Essays

Anton Chekhov is an ace at indicating parts of genuine life; how tired individuals are, the means by which it truly is without the ordinary merriments, and how exploitable individuals are by one another. Chekhov utilizes these three perspectives with incredible authority to show his type of genuine in his Chose Stories. Chekhov shows how exhausted individuals are with each other in his short story the Prison guard Jailed. This story is about a man, who is an indicting lawyer, is really living in his own prison; being hitched to his better half who allows him to do only attend to her in every conceivable way. I get what it intends to be in prison! This statement clarifies exactly how the man feels carrying on with his life the manner in which he is. The above is a direct model in life as how tired individuals may be. It just bodes well that a man with such a great amount of intensity with individuals doesn't have a chance with his better half. Milksop is another of Chekhov's accounts appearing how genuine is, however this specific one portrays life without its merriments. This story is about a journalist who needs to be welcome to this renowned gathering however can't go on the grounds that he works for the press. This shows reality without its merriments. Since the man couldn't get into the gathering since he was a columnist, his open force fizzled him. A Nincompoop additionally shows genuine through Chekhov's eyes, be that as it may, this specific one delineates how exploitable individuals are by each other. This story starts with a ladies' payday. Be that as it may, amazingly her manager begins to deduct for things she has broken and for other stupid reasons. At the point when he completes all she is kept with is eleven separate from sixty rubles. Be that as it may, she takes them happily in any case. At that point her manager inquires as to whether she thinks this is reasonable, and she concurs. At that point her manager says that she is inept and gives her the

Business Law Analysis in Australia

Question: Clarify about the business law in Australia. Answer: The term consistence alludes to the fundamental standards that are to be followed for setting up any business undertaking in Australia. In the domain of Australia, the principles of consistence that are to be agreed to for the foundation of any business are the Property Law, Sale of Goods Act, and Intellectual Property Law. It is very evident that the business, which is to be built up, ought to be observing the guidelines under the arrangement of the said laws. These laws are to be deciphered so as to build up the business venture and to make the assurance of the logo and the name of the business (Bridge, 2015). The fundamental point of the procedure of consistence is to respects to that law which manages the arrangement of organizing the interests and rights just as duties of any individual connection to things. The standards of consistence likewise manage the job of the people in setting their business. Be that as it may, further, it tends to be expressed it in two different ways, for example, genuine property or individual property. The land law of Australia expresses that land is a dominating spotlight dependent on the western property law. Nearly in every single state in Australia has an alternate sort of land law history which expresses that the bureaucratization and guidelines of the law. Property law additionally helps in empowers in making a framework enemy proving, moving the tile of the land, perceiving, and so on. Via land laws the lawful instrument that is followed in managing the business and private purposes incorporates easement, home loan, pledge, and rent (Badenhorst et al. , 2012). Property rights are likewise viewed as those rights, which are upheld on the person to purchase, obtain and home loan of the property. According to the clarification, it tends to be expressed that the property law of in Sydney comprise of two kinds of properties. Those are Real property and Personal property. Genuine property as per the English precedent-based law implies the land or ardent properties. It can likewise be expressed concerning moveable resources that the assistance of Human endeavors can just improve those properties. According to practicable the genuine properties can't of be moved starting with one spot then onto the next truly and it incorporates structures, streets, lakes, mines, dams, wells, and so on. Genuine properties can be related to the assistance of with its assistance esteems and the depiction of the property. This portrayal incorporates limits, streams, waterways, seacoasts, lakeshores, railroad tracks, interstate, streets, and so on. On account of genuine property law has different sorts of intrigue which are dictated by the dialects, for example, the rent, bill of offer, will, deed, land award, and so forth by the methods for which bequests are gained. In genuine property, the gathering who appreciates the rights is called occupant. In genuine property beque sts are recognized by different privileges of properties and decide the span just as transferability of different homes (Megarry et al., 2012). Individual properties are alluded to those properties, which are a moveable property and can be moved uninhibitedly starting with one spot then onto the next. As per the common law, likewise the individual property is known as portable properties. Therefore, as per the law, individual properties are referred to as unmistakable properties as it has no connection to the land or rather the genuine property. To show the responsibility for property, the records, which can be appeared, are formal archives or papers for instance pontoons, vehicles, mechanical instruments, garments, and so on. As expressed in this issue the individual who needs to build up the business must have a genuine property in understanding to the Property Law of Australia. Such can come in under his possession or home loan (Rigsby, 2014). Purchaser assurance law is one of the most significant angles to maintain the business. As the law expresses the security of the client is, the need and the association likewise clarifies that the privileges of client and furthermore about the reasonable exchange practice also about the precise data in regards to the commercial center. A buyer is respected to those people who procures the employments of merchandise also the administrations, which utilized as proprietorship and not for the offer of or utilizes with respect to assembling and creation. The enthusiasm of the purchaser can be under security by making advancement with respect to rivalry in the market that helps in adjusting the clients legitimately or in a roundabout way (Rigsby and Chase, 2014). Customer as indicated by the Australian Consumer Law can appreciate certain rights: Security or shielding of products those are dangerous to life just as property. A buyer as indicated by the law has certain rights about the products which incorporate amount, cost, and quality. To look over different merchandise buyers must be given the assortment of decisions. The customers are offered rights to gripe also those issues to be illuminated (Carney, 2012). The customers must be given legitimate instruction too given appropriate training about the merchandise which they can use in an appropriate manner for which it is made for (Ramsay, 2012). As indicated by the Consumer law of Australia, it very well may be expressed to the customers that for the security he needs to give to the client the above rules with the goal that his business runs productively (Latimer, 2012). In conclusion, the significant piece of the business in business is to keep up a legitimate patent and exchange marks. As indicated by the Australian Trade Mark Law, it tends to be expressed that exchange mark characterizes aggregate stamps just as the affirmation mark. This is done to stop the trademark being encroached and furthermore gets that it sets out the methodology of enlistment and different other technique in regards to the enrollment of exchange mark (Nayak, 2015). As indicated by segment 17 of the Trade-Mark Act, it is characterized that the exchange mark is a sing which is utilized or fairly expected to be utilized as a recognized administrations and products which are managed or furnished with the course of the exchange. Consequently patent or the trademark of the business must be appropriate, and it must not be in strife with the different business trademark (Gleeson and Friel, 2013). The given situation makes the portrayal of a couple named Bella and Manny, who were occupied with the matter of running a pizza shop named Flawless Domino Pizza. The couple was in the business from the year 2008 and carrying on their business in Australia. There was a necessity in the shop for making the acquisition of another broiler. The couple needed to make the acquisition of a broiler that would empower them to make 30 pizzas in a single hour and the equivalent would labor for 16 hours consistently for all days. For making the buy, the couple went to the Tuscan Ovens Pty. Ltd (Janke and Iacovino, 2012). The issue in the given situation rose up out of the terms of conversing with the couple with the director of the Tuscan Ovens Pty. Ltd. At the point when the couple made their prerequisites understood, the supervisor of the Tuscan Ovens Pty. Ltd introduced a broiler to them and made the guarantee that the stove would make the satisfaction of their interest by empowering them to make 30 pizzas in a single hour. After that while, the couple was sitting tight for the conveyance of the broiler. As of now, the couple made an ad that they would introduce MB stove. In any case, in the pragmatic terms the broiler that they bought from the Tuscan Ovens Pty. Ltd was enlisted as Tuscan XX. The issues in the given situation developed when the first limit of the broiler was identified. After the procedure of the establishment of the stove, it was seen that the broiler was of the ability to create just 12 pizzas. Thus, the essential issue that is associated with the situation is whether the Tuscan Ovens Pty. Ltd is obligated under the Consumer Law that wins in Australia (Levine, 2012). The auxiliary issue is that whether the Bella and Manny are at risk under the Australian Consumer Law for the distribution of false and beguiling promotion. Different issues that were included are whether the Tuscan Ovens Pty. Ltd would be qualified for punishments for their fake demonstration (Reynolds et al., 2012). The laws that are recommended in the Australian Consumer Law, the Trade Practices Act and the Australian Competition and Consumer Act of 2010 can unravel the issues in the situation given. There are determined arrangements in the Consumer Law of Australia that manages rendering insurance to the purchasers for from the beguiling and misdirecting demonstration of the dealers. In Section 3 of the Australian Consumer Law, it is given the meaning of customer. By that Section, the term purchaser implies that individual who makes the acquisition of administrations or products for a cost that is under forty thousand dollars. On the off chance that if an individual makes the acquisition of administrations and products for a measure of in excess of forty thousand dollars, the person in question will be considered as a purchaser if such buy remembers merchandise for the utilization for a family unit. In the time of 2011, the Australian Consumer Law came into power. In Australia, the ACL is cons idered as the sole rule for rendering the insurance of the shoppers. In agreement to Section4B of the Trade Practices Act likewise makes the portrayal of the word shopper. In Section 18 of the Competition and Consumer Act of 2010, there is the express arrangement of the term decide that no merchant, maker, seller or provider will entertain oneself in the unfair demonstration while executing with any buyer. It is likewise given in a similar area that no merchant will enjoy making any deception of the highlights of the items that will be sold. Additionally, no merchant is allowed to make the covering of the material realities that is identified with the item (Perry, 2016). There developed a popular case named ACCC v. TPG [2013] HCA 54, that held unequivocally that the tricky direct on the pat any dealer will be qualified for punishments. For the situation, the High Court of Australia settled on the choice that the TPG Company has entertained themselves with making the infringement of Section 18 of the A

Books About Actual Witch Hunts for POTUS to Read

Books About Actual Witch Hunts for POTUS to Read You know how you learn a new word and you find a way to crowbar it into conversations? Well, it seems that the commander-in-chief has recently learned the term witch hunt…and boy, does he love it! But its made obvious in his myriad tweets and rants that hes not entirely clear on what a witch hunt is. I think we can help out a bit here. Here is a list of books that will educate the man behind the Resolute desk on what constitutes a witch hunt, and what is merely the wheels of justice and democracy grinding away. The Witches: Suspicion, Betrayal, and Hysteria in 1692 Salem by Stacy Schiff Pulitzer Prize winner Stacy Schiff, author of the #1 bestseller Cleopatra, provides an electrifying, fresh view of the Salem witch trials. The Witches is Schiff s riveting account of a seminal episode, a primal American mystery unveiled-in crackling detail and lyrical prose-by one of our most acclaimed historians. Many Are the Crimes: McCarthyism in America by Ellen Schrecker From an award-winning McCarthy scholar comes the first post-Cold War exploration of the anticommunist witch-hunt and its devastating impact. Tracing the way that a network of dedicated anticommunists created blacklists and destroyed organizations, this broad-based inquiry reveals the connections between McCarthyisms disparate elements in the belief that understanding its terrible mechanics can prevent a repetition. Nightmare in Red: The McCarthy Era in Perspective by Richard M. Fried Richard Frieds Nightmare in Red offers a riveting and comprehensive account of this crucial time. He traces the second Red Scares antecedents back to the 1930s, and presents an engaging narrative about the many different people who became involved in the drama of the anti-communist fervor, from the New Deal era and World War II, through the early years of the Cold War, to the peak of McCarthyism, and beyond McCarthys censure to the decline of the House Committee on Un-American Activities in the 1960s. Witchcraze: A New History of the European Witch Hunts by Anne L. Barstow Barstow argues that it is only with eyes sensitive to gender issues that we can discern what really happened in the persecution and murder of these women. Her sweeping chronicle examines the scapegoating of women from the ills of society, investigates how their subjugation to sexual violence and death sent a message of control to all women, and compares this persecution of women with the enslavement and slaughter of African slaves and Native Americans. Whores of the Devil: Witch-Hunts and Witch-Trials by Erik Durschmied An exhaustive look at the persons and organizations who persecuted witches throughout modern history. Covering the Middle Ages up through modern times, this unique history explores the development of the witch delusion and uncovers the cruel butchers who hunted and executed so-called witches. It explores in-depth the various motivationsâ€"including self-protection, personal vindictiveness, public recognition, political aims, and sheer greedâ€"behind those who condemned, tortured, and executed numerous innocent people. A Storm of Witchcraft: The Salem Trials and the American Experience by Emerson W. Baker As Emerson Baker illustrates in this seminal new work, Salem was a perfect storm, a unique convergence of conditions and events that produced something extraordinary throughout New England in 1692 and the following years, and which has haunted us ever since. Baker shows how a range of factors in the Bay colony in the 1690s, including a new charter and government, a lethal frontier war, and religious and political conflicts, set the stage for the dramatic events in Salem. Salem Possessed: The Social Origins of Witchcraft by Paul Boyer and Stephen Nissenbaum The stark immediacy of what happened in 1692 has obscured the complex web of human passion which had been growing for more than a generation before building toward the climactic witch trials. Salem Possessed explores the lives of the men and women who helped spin that web and who in the end found themselves entangled in it. The European Witch-craze of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries and Other Essays by H.R. Trevor-Roper In this study, Professor Trevor-Roper reveals the social and intellectual background to the witch-craze of the 16th and 17th centuries. Orthodoxy and heresy had become deeply entrenched notions in religion and ethics as an evangelical church exaggerated the heretical theology and loose morality of its opponents. Gradually, non-conformists as well as whole societies began to be seen in terms of stereotypes and witches became the scapegoats for all the ills of society. Religion and the Decline of Magic by Keith Thomas Witchcraft, astrology, divination, and every kind of popular magic flourished in England during the 16th and 17th centuries, from the belief that a blessed amulet could prevent the assaults of the Devil to the use of the same charms to recover stolen goods. At the same time, the Protestant Reformation attempted to take the magic out of religion, and scientists were developing new explanations of the universe. Keith Thomass classic analysis of beliefs held on every level of English society begins with the collapse of the medieval Church and ends with the changing intellectual atmosphere around 1700, when science and rationalism began to challenge the older systems of belief. A Delusion of Satan by Frances Hill This acclaimed history illuminates the horrifying episode of Salem with visceral clarity, from those who fanned the crisis to satisfy personal vendettas to the four-year-old witch chained to a dank prison wall in darkness till she went mad. Antonia Fraser called it a grisly read and an engrossing one. And because I think these might be more his speed… What Were the Salem Witch Trials? by Joan Holub, illustrated by Dede Putra Something wicked was brewing in the small town of Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. It started when two girls, Betty Parris and Abigail Williams, began having hysterical fits. Soon after, other local girls claimed they were being pricked with pins. With no scientific explanation available, the residents of Salem came to one conclusion: it was witchcraft. Over the next year and a half, nineteen people were convicted of witchcraft and hanged while more languished in prison as hysteria swept the colony. Author Joan Holub gives readers and inside look at this sinister chapter in history. Blast Back: The Salem Witch Trials by Nancy Ohlin, illustrated by Roger Simo When people think about the Salem Witch Trials, things like witchcraft and the Puritans may come to mind. But what were the trials all about, and were people really practicing witchcraft? This engaging nonfiction book, complete with black and white interior illustrations, will make readers feel like theyve traveled back in time. It covers everything from how the craze started to what happened at the trials, and more. Find out interesting, little-known facts such as how most of the accused were from outside of Salem, Massachusetts, and how even animals were accused of witchcraft. The unique details along with the clever and humorous interior illustrations make this series stand out from the competition. Witches! The Absolutely True Tale of Disaster in Salem by Rosalyn Schanzer The riveting, true story of the victims, accused witches, crooked officials, and mass hysteria that turned a mysterious illness affecting two children into a witch hunt that took over a dozen peoples lives and ruined hundreds more unfolds in chilling, novelistic detailâ€"complete with stylized black-white-and-red scratchboard illustrations of young girls having wild fits in the courtroom, witches flying overhead, and the Devil and his servants terrorizing the Puritansâ€"in this young adult book by award-winning author and illustrator Rosalyn Schanzer. Eh, who are we kidding? He doesnt read. But you probably do…so check them out! Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles.

Racial Discrimination - 1853 Words

Racial discrimination is the distinction, restriction, preference or exclusion that is based on colour, race, ethnic origin, descent or nationality with a purpose of impairing the recognition, enjoyment of human rights and the fundamental freedoms (Anon., 2012). It is unlawful according to the Australian hotels association (AHA) and the tourism accommodation Australia (TAA) to discriminate against anyone by treating them unfairly compared to others or harassing them because of their sex, race (colour, descent, nationality, ethnicity), marital/domestic status, and transgender. MCD Pty Ltd hotel along the sunshine coast might have both the direct and indirect discrimination where the treatment can be unfair or unequal. For instance, the†¦show more content†¦The laws allows that anyone be served regardless of where he or she comes from. This means that some few groups will be disadvantaged since these requirements can’t be the same for everyone. Hence this is indirect discrimination. The MCD Pty Ltd chain hotels bosses can be termed to be racists also. This is due to the fact that foreigner’s or indigenous sounding names of job seekers have less chances of getting hired in Australia. For instance your name has to sound Italian and be in Melbourne so that you can have an advantage of landing a job in the hotels. According to a research conducted by Australian National University researchers (Andrew Leigh,Alena Vargonova and Alison Booth), indicates the Australian bosses are racists. These researchers sent 4,000 fake job applicants where those who had Chinese names were the worst. They only had one out of five chances of proceeding to interviews compared to their counterparts who had Anglo-Saxon names who had one in every three chances (Martin, June 18,2009). This results varied by cities where those in Sydney were more discriminatory than those in Brisbane or Melbourne except that they were more accepting indigenous names. 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Farming and Agriculture Vocabulary for ESL Students

Here is a list of farming and agriculture vocabulary  for the industry. Its not a complete list of all the words youll need to work in this industry, but its a good place to start. The part of speech is listed for each word. Each word is followed by an example sentence to provide context. Do you know the word? If not, use a dictionary to look the word up. Next, follow the tips to practice the new vocabulary. Ability - (noun)  Our ability to produce hay has tripled over the past three years.Academic - (adjective)  Its important to have an academic background when breeding crops.Activities - (noun)  Our fall activities include a hayride and corn maze.Affect - (verb)  The past winters rains will affect the harvest.Agricultural - (adjective)  The agricultural landscape has changed greatly over the past fifty years.Agriculture - (noun)  Agriculture used to play a much larger role in the economy.American - (adjective)  American farmers produce wheat which is sold abroad.Animal - (noun)  Its important not to feed these animals any corn.Aquaculture - (noun)  Aquaculture is an expanding business opportunity.Aspect - (noun)  One aspect of our business focuses on grain production.Background  - (noun)  Our family has an excellent background in agriculture.Bails  - (noun)  Pick up those bails of hay and take them to the barn.Bitten  - (adjective)  If youve been bitten by a snake, see the doctor!Breed  - (noun)  We breed horses on our ranch.Breeding  Ã‚  - (noun)  Breeding dogs is a popular business in the countryside.Business  Ã‚  - (noun)  Our business focuses on hemp import.Care  - (noun)  We should provide better care for our livestock.Cattle  - (noun)  The cattle are in the south field.Certification  - (noun)  We need to apply for certification once every three years.Chemicals  - (noun plural)  We promise not to use chemicals in our fertilizer.Clean  - (adjective)  Youll find the barn is clean and ready for the livestock.Climate  - (noun)  The climate is changing rapidly and we need to respond.Cold  - (adjective)  Last year we lost a few crops to the cold.Common  - (adjective)  Its a common method to fight insect infestation.  Communication  - (noun)  The communication between farmer and market is essential.Computer  - (noun)  Use that computer to do the bookkeeping.Conditions  Ã‚  - (no un)  Well harvest next week if weather conditions are good.Constantly - (adverb)  We strive to constantly improve our products.Continue  Ã‚  - (verb)  Lets continue watering this field until five.Contract  Ã‚  - (noun)  We signed a contract to deliver 200 head of cattle.Contrast  - (noun/verb)  We contrast our products to others by organically farming.Cooperative  - (noun)  The farmers cooperative sells vegetables at very reasonable prices.Corporation  - (noun)  Unfortunately, corporations are replacing family farms.Cow  - (noun)  The cow was ill and was slaughtered.Credit  - (noun)  Its risky business taking out credit to seed a new field.Crop  - (noun)  This years corn crop was outstanding.Customer  Ã‚  - (noun)  The customer is always king.Dairy  - (adjective)  Our dairy products are sold throughout Washington.Decade- (noun)  Weve been in the business for more than a decade.Decline  - (noun/verb)  Unfortunately, weve seen a declin e in sales recently.Deliver  - (verb)  We deliver sod to your home.Demands  - (noun)  The demands of farming gets me up early every morning.Disease  - (noun)  Make sure that there is no disease in that crop.Drivers  - (adjective)  Get a drivers license and we can put you to work.Duties  - (noun)  Your duties include gathering eggs every morning.Egg  - (noun)  We gather more than 1,000 eggs each day.Environment  - (noun)  The environment is fragile.  Equipment  - (noun)  The equipment is located in the barn.Exposure- (noun)  The eastern field has more exposure to the sun.Facilities  - (noun)  Our facilities include three hundred acres of pasture land.Farm  - (noun)  The farm is located in Vermont.Farmer  - (noun)  The farmer purchased seed for his livestock.Feed  - (noun)  Take the feed out to the barn.Fertilizer  - (noun)  We use the best fertilizer possible on our crops.Fiber  - (noun)  You need more fiber in your diet.Fis h  - (noun)  Fish can be farmed for profit.Flower  - (noun)  We grow and sell flowers from all over the world.Fruit  - (noun)  The fruit is ripe.Grazing  - (noun)  Our horses are out grazing.Greenhouse  - (noun)  We grow tomatoes in the greenhouse.Grown  - (adjective)  We sell grown shrubs.Handle  - (noun/verb)  Grab that handle and lets lift this up onto the truck.Harvest  - (noun/verb)  Last years harvest was excellent.Hay  - (noun)  Load the hay into the back of the truck.Hazardous  - (adjective)  Be careful of the hazardous chemicals in some fertilizers.Health  - (noun)  Take care of your health.Horse  - (noun)  The horse needs to be shoed.  Horticulture  - (noun)  Horticulture should be taught in our local high school.Indoors  - (noun)  We grow the plants indoors in a controlled setting.Knowledge  - (noun)  He has a lot of knowledge about local plants.Laborer  Ã‚  - (noun)  We need to hire some laborers to help w ith the harvest.Land  - (noun)  You should invest in some new land for grazing.Landowner  Ã‚  - (noun)  The landowner rented out the land to a local business.Landscaping  - (noun)  Landscaping involves taking care of gardens and lawns.Leading  - (adjective)  The leading agricultural experts say to play in June.Lease  - (noun)  Our lease on this land is up at the end of January.License  - (noun)  Do you have a cultivation license?Livestock  - (noun)  The livestock are grazing in the fields.Location  - (noun)  Were looking for a new location for our farm.Machinery  - (noun)  Machinery costs keep rising.Machine  Ã‚  - (noun)  That machine needs to be repaired.Maintain  - (verb)  We maintain our own machinery.Maintenance  - (noun)  The maintenance is scheduled for next week.Meat  - (noun)  We have the freshest meat in the state.Method  Ã‚  - (noun)  We use traditional methods for our produce.Nursery  - (noun)  The nursery grows bushy plants and fruit trees.Nut  Ã‚  - (noun)  The hazelnut is common in Oregon.Offer  - (noun/verb)  Wed like to offer you a discount on our products.Operate  - (verb)  We operate in Lincoln County.Organic  - (adjective)  All of our food is organic.Oversee  - (verb)  Peter oversees our wheat sales.Pack  - (noun/verb)  Lets pack up these tools and go home.Pen  Ã‚  - (noun)  Use that pen to sign here.Pesticide  Ã‚  - (noun)  Pesticides are very dangerous and should be used with caution.Physical  - (adjective)  Farming is a very physical activity.Plant  - (noun)  That plant is new to our farm.Poultry  - (noun)  Chickens and turkeys are also known as poultry.Process  - (noun)  The curing process takes three weeks.Produce  - (noun/verb)  Our produce is sold throughout the state.Raise  - (verb)  We raise chicken and rabbits on our farm.Ranch  - (noun/verb)  The ranch is located in California.Rancher  - (noun)  The rancher spent the day herding the cattle.Reflecting  - (adjective)  This reflecting tape marks the spot.Regulation  Ã‚  - (noun)  There are many regulations that we need to follow.Repair  - (noun/verb)  Do you think you can repair the tractor?Responsibilities  - (noun)  My responsibilities include caring for livestock.Risk  - (noun/verb)  Bad weather is one of the greatest risks in farming.Rural  - (adjective)  Our rural location is ideal for farming activities.Safety  - (noun)  Safety is our first priority.Scale  - (noun)  Use that scale to weigh the fruit.  Schedule  - (noun/verb)  Our schedule includes three trips to the farm.Season  - (noun)  Its not harvest season yet.Seasonal  - (adjective)  We sell seasonal fruit at the fruit stand.Seed  - (noun)  Plant the seed here.Sheep  - (noun)  Those black sheep have excellent wool.Shrub  Ã‚  - (noun)  Those shrubs need to be trimmed.Supervise  - (verb)  Could you supervise the harve st this year?Training- (noun)  We should provide safety training for all of our employees.Tree  Ã‚  - (noun)  I planted that tree twenty years ago.Vegetable  Ã‚  - (noun)  We grow vegetables and fruit on our farm. Improving Your Vocabulary Tips Use each word in a sentence. First,  practice speaking. Next, write the sentences. Using the word when both speaking and writing will help you remember new words.  After writing a few words  in sentences try to write a paragraph using the same words.  Learn synonyms and antonyms by using an online thesaurus to further extend your farming and agriculture vocabulary.  Use a visual dictionary which will help you learn the names of specific equipment used in the industry.  Listen to co-workers and note how they use these words. Check your understanding when they use words in different ways.  Ask co-workers questions about how new words are used at work.

Dispute on Employee Motivation Free Essays

Arnold Bright is the Director of Human Resources at Company XYZ, in the same industry as Company ABC. John Chaplin has recent joined Company XYZ as Human Resources Manager. A recent graduate with a major in Organizational Behavior, he presents new ideas to Bright almost everyday. We will write a custom essay sample on Dispute on Employee Motivation or any similar topic only for you Order Now But, Chaplin has a speech disorder. He stammers, and cannot make himself clear at all times. A week back, Bright and Chaplin began to argue about employee motivation. Bright informed Chaplin that their company has the budget to enhance employee motivation with the best motivation enhancement program in the industry. He was referring to the use of Company ABC’s motivation enhancement program for its employees. Company ABC happens to be a leader in the industry, after all. Yet, Chaplin asserted that Company XYZ should develop its own employee motivation enhancement program with new research on the needs of employees at Company XYZ in particular. The argument turned into a dispute because Bright refused to agree with Chaplin. The latter was threatened that he would be fired if he fails to follow Bright’s instructions to implement Company ABC’s program. The Problem: Chaplin would lose his job if he does not agree to implement Company ABC’s program for employee motivation enhancement in Company XYZ. He knows, however, that his boss has an amenable personality. Thus, Chaplin would like to provide further information to Bright. He firmly believes that Bright has to be explained why it is best for Company XYZ to develop its own employee motivation enhancement program based on new research on its employees’ needs. After all, Chaplin is aware of latest research in the field of Organizational Behavior. Should Company XYZ implement Company ABC’s motivation enhancement program? Organizational behavior theories are known to differ as to what motivates employees, but not necessarily because the essential characteristics of all employees are varied across organizations and industries. Rather, the motivational needs of employees differ from organization to organization because separate work situations, ethics and settings, in addition to their interaction with individual personalities, teams, and managements call for different employee needs to be prioritized. Employee motivation is simply referred to as an organizational method to satisfy employees in areas where they feel unsatisfied. Whereas poor health and safety conditions might be the Number One challenge to encounter in Company ABC, it is possible that the employees of Company XYZ would be more motivated by higher salaries. Moreover, the employees of Company XYZ may hold a collective opinion that their working conditions are the best in the industry. Given that job performance is a function of ability and motivation, it is appropriate to inquire into the needs of workers in order to employ the correct mix of employee motivation strategies to boost job performance, company-wide (â€Å"Employee Motivation†). As an example, the employees of the Piketon Research and Extension Center and Enterprise Center were asked about the main motivating factors at their particular workplace. According to research findings, the employees believed themselves to be motivated by the following in the order of importance: â€Å"a) interesting work, (b) good wages, (c) full appreciation of work done, (d) job security, (e) good working conditions, (f) promotions and growth in the organization, (g) feeling of being in on things, (h) personal loyalty to employees, (i) tactful discipline, and (j) sympathetic help with personal problems† (Lindner). Contrary to these findings, a peer reviewed study on employee motivation found that most employees across various organizations believe the following to be the chief motivators at the workplace: â€Å"enjoyment of the work; work/life balance; pay satisfaction; link between pay and performance;† and â€Å"adequate staffing levels† (Katcher). Thus, it appears essential to increase employee motivation only after inquiring into the main motivators in a specific organization. Also within a single organization, the blue collar workers are expected to be more motivated by an increase in pay, while the white collar employees might believe that enjoyment of work is most essential. In this case, the organization would have to divide up its employees in two separate groups to inquire into the particular motivators for the blue collar workers as opposed to the white collar employees. It is best, therefore, for employee motivation strategies to be based on group by group studies. Chaplin should write a memorandum to Bright with latest research on the subject. It is possible that the latter has misunderstood Chaplin because of his speech disorder. Chaplin knows that Company XYZ has the budget to conduct new research on its employees’ needs to enhance their motivation. He should also mention in his note to Bright that implementation of Company ABC’s employee motivation program may possibly waste the resources of Company XYZ. After all, it may very well be that employees at Company ABC have a different set of needs altogether. So, even though Company ABC is a business leader, Company XYZ should refrain from blindly following its programs without a scientific inquiry into its own business processes and workplace culture. How to cite Dispute on Employee Motivation, Papers

Significance of Manned Missions to Mars free essay sample

After Apollo 11 succeeded in the first manned mission to land on the Moon in 1969, people’s interests were gradually leaving the Moon and went on to Mars, which is the most similar planet to Earth in the solar system. In such a current of public opinion, the U. S. and other countries have been trying to send human beings to Mars. However, today, there is a debate as to whether we should continue making efforts to send mankind to Mars, or not. Some people say that it is not worth the expense and risk to make a manned flight to Mars. On the other hand, others think it is still important to continue making those attempts – not for a material purpose, but for pursuing romance of space travel. Opponents of a manned mission to Mars claim that it costs too much to keep making attempts, and if we did not have to spend such money on those missions, we could increase health-care, education, and some other budgets. We will write a custom essay sample on Significance of Manned Missions to Mars or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is true. However, what is waiting for us in such a future as we will get at the sacrifice of dream or romance? What is necessary for people of today is not material wealth which we can get by cutting the budget of missions to Mars but mental wealth which we can cultivate by pursuing romance or dreaming of it. Opponents also maintain that we should quit trying to make those impractical attempts and wait until the technology is established because we cannot send mankind to Mars with the current technology. However, this argument is off the point because it is not important whether those attempts are impractical or not at the present moment. Necessity always makes technology develop. By practically continuing making efforts to send mankind to Mars, we can develop the technology which is needed to make it possible. In order to get something, we have to do something. Just waiting for something doesn’t help. The other arguments advanced by opponents is that we will not have any beneficial results except mental satisfaction such as dream or romance even if we can make a manned flight to Mars. However, of course, there are several beneficial things we will get from the success of missions to Mars. At first, understanding Mars helps us to understand more about our planet Earth because of the similarity between these two planets. We may be able to know how to protect the environment on Earth by studying how Mars died. Additionally, space engineering is one of the latest frontiers of science. We will be able to apply the technology we will have developed in this field to several other fields. Accordingly, missions to Mars have a benefit not only for people who are interested in Mars but also for people who are not. Certainly, it may not be easy to continue making efforts to send mankind to Mars, and it costs a lot. Nonetheless, things we get by missions to Mars are more than things we lose by it as mentioned above. By pursuing romance of space travel, we make dream which seems impossible to be achieved come true, and while we enjoy technology and knowledge we get from missions to Mars, we can avoid losing mental wealth at the same time. We should continue trying to make a manned flight to Mars.

Air Products Case Essay Example

Air Products Case Essay Example Air Products Case Essay Air Products Case Essay Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. is a mid-size company that is rooted in three different industries. They are generating income from all three industries and want to continue that upward trend. There are so many new technologies available for Air Products to use to give them competitive advantage. In order to use these new technologies, they will need to rely on their MIS group. Is the MIS group equip to provide such service? With three different industries involved, can MIS help them all? This case will emphasize how MIS can support the business and how to utilize them as a resource rather than a hindrance. 1. COMPANY BACKGROUND Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. is a global company that sells industrial gases, commodity specialty chemicals and process equipment. Air Products has two headquarters: one in Allentown, Pennsylvania and the other in Hersham, United Kingdom. The CEO and chairman is Dexter Baker. The Executive Vice President of MIS is Bob Lovett, the Vice President of MIS is Pete Mather and the Vice President of MIS Europe is John Shepherd. Air Products employees 13,000 people in more than 150 plants worldwide. 2. AS-IS MATRIX Figure 1 outlines Air Products As-Is for both the business and IT group. Air Products service a wide range of customers and competitors due to the three diverse industries they are involved in. Air Product is a strong competitor in all three industries as a result of their continued effort to lower manufacturing and distribution costs. They have also been able to implement a system that gives access to their engineering and database information globally. The Board of directors, stockholders and the management organization development committee are the major governing bodies when it comes to making company wide decisions. Air Products also adhere to government agencies like the PTT in Europe who regulates telecommunications. The organizational structure is setup to be functional based, horizontal and decentralized due to the diverse industries. The key processes are RD, engineering design, manufacturing, sales and marketing. Air Products recruits Ph. D. , MBA, BA and BE graduates from the top business universities in both the US and Europe. In Air Products MIS group, they provide support for many of the key business applications. Most of the applications are specific to one Business unit (BU) area. For example, the CAD/CAM application is used by the Process equipment group and RD Computing is only used for the chemical group. MIS maintains a data center, a DASD (disk storage), various client systems and mainframes to support business operations. MIS has successfully implemented project ICON that transferred Europes data center to the US data center. This allowed global access to one common database and enabled a company wide data consistency. The CIO, MIS directors and functional BU directors make these types of decisions in MIS. The architecture supported in Air Products include Ethernet based LAN and WAN, various client systems, mainframes, Tandem Dec, VAX, video conferencing equipment and telecommunications technology. The key processes of the MIS group provide customer support to our internal and external customer. MIS manages emerging technology, application development, database consistency and technology assessment. MIS recruits from MIS, BE and BS graduates from top technology universities. 3. WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS/OPPORTUNITIES? * SWOT ANALYSIS Figure 3 describes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the business areas and the MIS group. The MIS group generated a strength when they decided to relocated the MIS development group into their business areas and transferred management control to the business managers. MIS was also able to centralize the database access in the ICON project. Additionally, MIS took an active role to re- engineer the customer interface in order to provide 60,000 customers a one point of contact. Another strength came about by finding ways to lower manufacturing and distribution costs while increase sales and income revenue. The weaknesses found in Air Products steams from the diverse business areas. It is hard to work with three very different industries. It causes difficulties when MIS resources need to be shifted around. It limits the career paths for both the business and MIS employees as each area requires different training needs. It also becomes difficult to support and upgrade the various systems in these areas. MIS needs to start taking a different role in their way of supporting the business. There are always opportunities for improvement. Air Products has the opportunity expand their business world wide in order to dominate the three industries. The BU areas can improve upon their role in managing technology within their area. MIS can help improve the odds of MIS staff moving out into the other areas of the company. MIS can also improve customer service by providing global support coverage and provide more business driven services. MIS has to deal with a constant threat of communication failure between the main sites. MIS also has threats from competitors as they fight to attract college graduates from the top universities. MISs governing power over the company is threatened as MIS standards are not being followed. The organizational structure of MIS is threatened due to constant pressure from BU areas to come through with project or changes. * TO-BE MATRIX Figure 2 outlines the To-Be matrix of how Air Products should be in a future. The key to get Air Products to this future stage is to strengthen MIS to better support the business areas. In the To-Be, if MIS guides and directs the business to utilize and incorporate new technology, then Air Products can venture out to compete in other industries or to team up with other firms to work on a new product or service. Air Products could even become consultants to other companies at the areas they are best in and have the most expertise. Air Products would be able to branch out to other areas of the world and dominate competition in these locations worldwide. In the decision-making area, the major difference would be the presence of MIS executives in all the major committees. MIS would be there to bring in new ideas and technology to the business areas or help to initiate joint ventures with two or more areas. The number for strategic internal or external partners would increase due to these initiatives. The type of partners are no longer limited to other industrial firms. For example, Air Products can partner with universities or government laboratories for RD to create or test a new product. All these things listed above can be accomplished if two things changes: the organizational structure of MIS and HR takes a proactive role to hire, train and retain the skills needed to succeed. In Figure 2, the organization structure needs to become a federalist model where MIS becomes both centralized and decentralized. MIS needs to decentralize the areas that support the BU areas directly like the application development and project management. MIS also will need to centralize the standards of HW management and SW management, centralize architecture, integrate and standardize common functions found through out the company. Lastly, HR will need to start becoming more proactive to help the Air Products attract the people and skills they desire. Also to provide guidance in career paths and training after they get hired into the company. They can also provide job postings or project bidding to give employees the opportunities to get some exposure to the rest of the company. * MAJOR PROBLEMS OPPORTUNITIES There are 4 major problems in Air Products that need to be addressed. A. MIS developers were moved in the BU areas but both sides are not certain on how to align themselves to each other. They did not know what to expect when the change was implemented so the BU areas are not managing the MIS resources well. The MIS developers groups do not know enough to help or guide the BU. Their function is to develop what is asked of them from the BU they support. Therefore both sides are lacking vision and direction in terms of development of existing and future technology. B. MIS lags behind in new technology or skills in terms of their resources and is having a hard time getting or keeping those skills in IT and the company. C. MIS has too many diverse systems and they cause lots of problems when trying to upgrade these systems. MIS needs to come up with a plan to standardize equipment both international and US. MIS needs to find a way to better control of the architecture and centralize them. D. MIS needs to work on improving their image to their customers and become more of a key enabler for the BU areas to guide and direct them to gain competitive advantage in their industries. * CONSIDER THE KEY STAKEHOLDERS? In Figure 4, the stakeholders of each problem are listed. For problem A, the key stakeholders are Bob Lovett as sponsor, Pete Mather as champion, MIS development managers as project managers and the BU managers as the group that are placing the requests. The managers are the ones who are mostly affected by this problem. Currently both sides are working with each other as before but now the BU managers have control over the budget. The desired state would be for MIS to help both sides work more effectively with each other in order to gain competitive advantage for that industry. The champion will need to demonstrate to them how to better align themselves together. For problem B, the CEO will need to support this issue as a sponsor. The VP of HR will be the champion and the HR department is the business partner. HR currently is not providing much guidance in the career path of an employee. There are no guidelines for managers to use and no tools available to help employees to get to where they want to go next. The desired state is for the VP of HR and HR to come up with better HR development tools, provide career paths for all areas and create a training guideline for managers to use. For problem C, Pete Mather is the sponsor, John Shepherd, director of MIS in Europe is the champion, Shepherds group is the beachhead group and the outside vendor is the supplier. The current state of the systems is too overwhelming to conduct upgrades. There are too many vendors involved and difficulties of communication with the different systems. The desired state of affairs would be to have one vendor that supplies only one line of systems and the vendor implements and support those systems. For problem D, Bob Lovett is the sponsor, Pete Mather is the champion, the new MIS specialized teams is the enabler and the BU areas is the supported group. The current state of affairs is that the BU areas are not getting any guidance on how to incorporate new technology or improve their current technology and applications. The desired state would be to have MIS provide this guidance so that the BU areas can evaluate and utilize new technology as they arise.

10 Common Mistakes You Make on Tests

10 Common Mistakes You Make on Tests 1. Leaving an Answer Blank There is nothing wrong with skipping over a tough question to give yourself some extra time to think it overjust as long as you remember to go back to the question later. The danger is forgetting to go back to every question you’ve skipped. A blank answer is always a wrong answer! Solution: Each time you skip a question, put a check mark beside it. 2. Answering a Question Twice You’d be surprised how many times students choose two answers in multiple choice. This makes both answers wrong! Solution: Review your work and make sure each true/false and multiple choice question only has one answer circled! 3. Transferring Answers Incorrectly From Scratch Paper The most frustrating mistake for math students is having an answer correct on the scratch paper, but transferring it wrong to the test! Solution: Double check any work you transfer from a scratch sheet. 4. Circling the Wrong Multiple Choice Answer This is a costly mistake, but one that is very easy to make. You look over all the multiple choice answers and pick the one that is correct, but you circle the letter next to the correct answer- the one that doesn’t match your answer! Solution: Make sure the letter/answer you indicate is the one you really mean to select. 5. Studying the Wrong Chapter Whenever you have a test coming up, make sure that you understand which chapters or lectures the test will cover. There are times when a teacher will test you on a specific chapter that is never discussed in class. On the other hand, the teacher’s lectures may cover three chapters, and the test may cover only one of those chapters. When that happens, you can end up studying material that won’t appear on your exam. Solution: Always ask the teacher what chapters and lectures will be covered on a test. 6. Ignoring the Clock One of the most common errors students commit when taking an essay test is failing to manage time. This is how you end up in a panic with 5 minutes to go and 5 unanswered questions staring back at you. Solution: Always take the first few moments of an exam to assess the situation when it comes to essay questions and answers. Give yourself a time schedule and stick to it. Give yourself a set amount of time to outline and answer each essay question and stick to your plan! 7. Not Following Directions If the teacher says â€Å"compare† and you â€Å"define,† you are going to lose points on your answer. There are certain directional words that you should understand and follow when you take a test. Solution: Know the following directional words: Define: Provide a definition.Explain: Provide an answer that gives a complete overview or clear description of the problem and solution for a particular question.Analyze: Take apart a concept or a process, and explain it step by step.Contrast: Show differences.Compare: Show likenesses and differences.Diagram: Explain and draw a chart or other visual to illustrate your points.Outline: Provide an explanation with headings and subheadings. 8. Thinking Too Much It’s easy to over-think a question and begin to doubt yourself. If you tend to second-guess yourself, you will inevitably change a right answer to a wrong answer. Solution: If you are a thinker who tends to over-think, and you get a strong hunch when you first read an answer, go with it. Limit your thinking time if you know you tend to doubt your first instincts. 9. Technological Breakdown If your pen runs out of ink and you can’t complete an exam, your blank answers are just as wrong as they would have been for any other reason. Running out of ink or breaking your pencil lead halfway through a test sometimes means leaving half your exam blank. And that leads to an F. Solution: Always bring extra supplies to an exam. 10. Not putting Your Name on the Test There are times when failing to put your name on a test will result in a failing grade. This can happen when the test administrator doesn’t know the students, or when the teacher/administrator won’t see students again after the test is over (like at the end of a school year). In these special situations (or even if you have a very stern teacher) a test that doesn’t have a name attached to it will be tossed out. Solution: Always write your name on a test before you get started!

The Fall of State Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Fall of State - Article Example Health care, education and pensions for retirement are some of the most popular. These obligations caused states to start taxing their citizens. At this point, some of the richest states in the world are in debt because they can not meet these obligations. A final trend in the state of the state is the blurring of national identities and borders due to technology such as telephone and rail lines. The author argues that technology will continue to erode the relevance of the state because information and trade that was once under the control of the state will now be controlled by corporations that operate with impunity across national boundaries. I think that the most important trend is the second one because it affects people the most directly. Citizens of established states expect to be protected by the military of their respective state, but it usually isn’t something they walk around thinking about all of the time, especially in Europe and North America, where there hasnâ₠¬â„¢t been conflict between states for many decades. What people do worry about is their state pensions for retirement, protection against crime, healthcare and education. The failure of the state in this area is what makes people angry on many different levels. In some states, the basics of economic prosperity and independence such as being able to find employment or have money beyond your immediate needs are not being met. In these instances, the future of those individual states is in question. Even if the state is ruled by a tyrant, eventually a populist uprising is sure to occur. Citizens are not willing to be taxed forever without getting the most basic services from government. This is the most important trend because it is the cause of radical ideas that offer solutions to problems that might actually be worse than the existing problems. My major critique of the article stems from the fact that it is almost fifteen years old and so much has happened in the world since it was written to refute some of the basic premises outlined in the articles thesis. At the writing of this article, the internet was still a novelty. Now it is a major engine for communication and business worldwide. While it has provided challenges for the state, there is no sign that it is really going to replace the state. That the internet and technology such as satellite phones has provided to terrorist organizations is an ease of communication that was not possible in the past. These international organizations pose the greatest real threat to the existence of the state as we know it because they are fluid, dynamic and operate across international borders with relative ease. But the thought that technology is affecting the stability of the state is not valid for states with freedom of communication, expression and press. In the state that prohibits certain communication, especially that which is against the current rulers of the state, then this technology poses a real threat. Anot her critique I have is the supposition that because the nature of a state changes, then the state is weak. Currently, Sudan is breaking into two new states. The author feels that this is somehow proof that states in general are weakening. Actually, what is happening is a replication of a system that most humans have found to be desirable. Simply because there are now two states where there once was one does not show the idea of statehood is weakening. It actually

Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Questions - Essay Example QUESTION TWO In his poem, ‘Puerto Rican obituary,’ Pedro Pietri urges the New York Puerto Rican community to switch to their own imaginations instead of turning to the televisions that are only filled with American influence. As reflected from the tone in the twenty third stanzas, the author makes several suggestions to the New York Puerto Ricans. He argues that the Puerto Ricans should solely rely on Latina souls as the sole religious background for their race, and not on the bibles. The New York Puerto Ricans ought to have learnt from the manner in which their fellow citizens were buried shamefully; â€Å"without underwear’s† as he claims. Pedro concludes his poem by stating that, living the Puerto Rican mode of life; where beautiful people work, sing and dance together is way much better. The weather conditions are favorable and they do a need a dictionary to communicate to each other. QUESTION THREE Most Puerto Ricans in the poem went to America with dr eams of living a luxurious life, and earning hefty pay, only to end up as well trained janitors who were laughed at. Those from the island spent their last days working as porters, maids, factory workers, stock and shipping clerks, messenger boys, and mailroom assistants. They only ended up in their island cemetery after all the hard work. The situation is no different from the case in ‘Chango fire’ by Quinonez. ... The seller gave her instructions on how to perform a ritual as she was supplied with the required items. Despite her attack by some boys in the park she was able to get home and perform her ritual. The ritual revealed that she should go back to Santeria with her mother. Lourdes also some magical encounters; as she was an auxiliary policeman she would encounters her father’s spirit on a regular basis. Felicia suffers physical abuse from her husband Hugo Villaverde. Hugo constantly vanishes from her life; he later on infects her with syphilis. Felicia attempts to kill him in his sleep by dropping a torched rag on his face; Hugo decides to disappear completely. At an early age Felicia befriended the high priest daughter; Herminia Delgado. She helps guide Felicia into their religion. Felicia constantly descends into madness: During her second pregnancy, after the death of Ernestro, of which she had to leave Santeria. She did not know her identity and she suffered memory lose for m onths. After the death of her third husband, Felicia returned to Santeria and embraces priesthood. QUESTION FIVE In relation to revolutionary affiliations; Celia portrays an unwavering support for El Lider and the revolution. She uses her role as the Santeria judge in the peoples court, to suppress creative work. She only gathers support from her son Javier. Her perception distances her from Lourdes, Felicia and Pillar of whom she was close to. Lourdes is also distant from her own daughter Pillar due to her anxiety for the pro U.S. patriotism. However Lourdes defends her daughter when she painted a punk statue of liberty for those that were not veiling. The impact of this political division was so significant that

Principles of Sterilisation in Microbiology

Principles of Sterilisation in Microbiology Moist and dry heat How are microorganisms destroyed by moist heat? By dry heat? Moist: Destroys the structure and organisms by destroying with heat. The combination of steam and pressure, the temperature is usually 121 °C and 15 lbs. per inch for thirty minutes. Dry: Kills organisms using oxidation methods. Most resistant of the spores requires a temperature of 121 °C for around two hours Are some microorganisms more resistant to heat than others? Why? Endospores are extremely resistant to heat because they have a tougher coat and a low moisture content. Additionally, they have a large amount of calcium and dipicolinic acid that helps to protect them from heat. Is moist heat more effective than dry heat? Why? The National Library of Medicine states, â€Å"Moist heat penetrates faster than dry heat† (Medicine, 2015). Moist heat penetrates the molecules, additionally, the water molecules conduct heat much better than air. Why does dry heat require higher temperatures for longer time periods to sterilize than does moist heat? Because water is a better conductor than air, therefore the dry heat does not penetrate as well. What is the relationship of time to temperature in heat sterilization? Explain. Basically the higher the temperature the less time needed. The autoclave Define the principles of sterilization with an autoclave and with a dry heat oven. An autoclave sterilizes using high pressurized steam heat that is made by high temperature boiling water and pressure. The steam vibrations destroy the microorganisms. Judelson states, â€Å"Autoclaving generally involves heating in saturated steam under a pressure of approximately 15 psi, to achieve a chamber temperature of a least 121 °C (250 °F)—but industry, other combinations of time and temperature are sometimes used† (Judelson, 2015). Dry heat ovens subject the microorganisms to high temperatures and destroy the bacteria’s by drying them out and basically sterilizing them from the outside to the inside by heat and no water. Unlike an autoclave which is one piece of equipment, dry heat can include a hot air oven, incineration, radiation, microwave, Bunsen burner and flaming. What pressure, temperature, and time are used in routine autoclaving? With the combination of steam and pressure, the temperature is usually at 121 °C and 15 lbs. per inch for thirty minutes (Kenneth Todar, 2015). What factors determine the time period necessary for steam-pressure sterilization? Dry-heat oven sterilization? The combination of temperature and time are what decides the actual time. Accordint to Mazhar Hussain, â€Å"The thermal death time is the time required to kill all the bacteria in a particular culture at a specified temperature. Both TDP and TDT are useful guidelines that indicate the severity of treatment required to kill a given population of bacteria† (Hussian, 2015). With dry heat the materials play an important factor. Why is it necessary to use bacteriologic controls to monitor heat- sterilization techniques? They are necessary to ensure that the autoclave is working properly and efficiently. They are place throughout the autoclave to ensure a complete testing of the autoclave. When running an endospore control of autoclaving technique, why is one endospore preparation incubated without heating? The control is used to ensure that the spores are destroyed effectively and that there are no problems with the machine. Primary media for isolation of microorganisms Define a differential medium and discuss its purpose. Morello taught us that a differential media has one or more components that are used by some types of microorganisms and yet not others. (Morello, Granato, Morton, 2013) This a will allow an individual to tell the differences of a colony based on the colonies characteristics (i.e. shape, color or pattern). Define a selective medium and describe its uses. Selective media choses one type of microorganisms and then suppresses the others while not inhibiting their ability to actually grow. MacConkey’s agar would be a selective media as it selects gram negative bacteria and yet inhibits gram positive bacteria. Why is MacConkey agar selective as well as differential? According to Austin Community College, â€Å"MacConkey Agar (MAC) is a selective and differential medium designed to isolate and differentiate enterics based on their ability to ferment lactose, by using bile salts and crystal violet inhibit the growth of Gram positive organisms and lactose provides a source of fermentable carbohydrate, allowing for differentiation† (ACC, 2015). Why is blood agar useful as a primary isolation medium? Blood agar would be a differential media because of its ability to destroy hemoglobin and red blood cells. What is the major difference between Modified Thayer-Martin (MTM) and chocolate agar? When would you use MTM rather than chocolate agar? Modified Thayer-Martin is a selective medium that is for gram negative microorganisms that has both a medium and antibiotics, whereas chocolate agar is a non-selective medium. Modified Thayer-Martin is only used when the culture ordered is from the genital area or for sexually transmitted diseases, whereas chocolate is used for many different types of cultures. Metabolic activities of bacteria What is the color of phenol red at an acid pH? Yellow is the color below 7.0 pH. What is the function of a Durham tube? A Durham tube contains a small inverted tube that is used for trapping the gasses that are formed when the broth inside is incubated. (Morello, Granato, Morton, 2013) Why is iodine used to detect starch hydrolysis? When the iodine dissolves with a solution of potassium, it will to turn a purple or blackish color due to the interaction with starch. How is indole produced in SIM medium? How is it detected? Hardy Diagnostics states, â€Å"The ingredients in SIM Medium enable the determination of three activities by which enteric bacteria can be differentiated; sodium thiosulfate and ferrous ammonium sulfate are indicators of hydrogen sulfide production and the ferrous ammonium sulfate reacts with H2S gas to produce ferrous sulfide, a black precipitate, additionally the casein peptone is rich in tryptophan, which is attacked by certain microorganisms resulting in the production of indole† (Diagnostics, 2015). Following the incubation period, the indole is detected with the addition of the reagents. Therefore the detection of the motility is due to the semisolid nature of the medium. How is hydrogen sulfide demonstrated in this medium? The hydrogen sulfide is detected after the production of ferrous sulfide when ferrous ammonium sulfate has reacted with H2S gas. What is the advantage of viewing mold structures in a transparent tape preparation? Southern University of Illinois states, â€Å"The advantage of transparent tape preparation is it allows the fungal structures to be viewed without disrupting the characteristics of their morphology† (Illinois, 2015) What fungus can be identified reliably by using the germ tube test? Morello taught us that â€Å"Candida albicans is the most common yeast found using the germ test and is an important cause of human infection† (Morello, Granato, Morton, 2013) Name three stains or reagents that may be used to facilitate the microscopic detection of fungi in clinical samples. Potassium hydroxide Calcofluor white India Ink Wright, Giemsa, or Diff-Quikstains Gram stain What is the main advantage of using the slide culture technique for identifying molds? It is a fast way to prepare, identify and examine fungal colonies. It makes it easier to study with little disturbances. According to Amrita, â€Å"Fungi are identified mostly by close examination of its morphology and the characteristics it possess† (Amrita, 2015). What is an opportunistic pathogen? Name three fungal specimens. It is a pathogen that takes advantage of an individual that has a compromised immunity system. Candidiasis, Apergillosis and Cryptococcosis Protozoa and animal parasites Describe the basic structures of protozoa. Can these same structures be seen in bacteria using a light microscope? The structure of protozoa is a single celled organisms with a true nucleus with chromosomes and surrounded by a membranous envelope. Additionally, Professor Anderson of Columbia University states, â€Å"They also have other internal cellular structures known as organelles that perform the many physiological functions needed to maintain the life of the organism and these organelles include mitochondria that break down nutrient molecules during respiration to produce energy for the cell† (Anderson, 2015). Are any parasitic diseases directly communicable from person to person? If so, how are they transmitted? What kinds of precautions should be taken in caring for persons with directly transmissible parasitic infections? Yes, but most have to have a host to be transferred. Lice for and an example is a parasite that can jump from one individual to another. Additionally, if someone is infected and does not use proper cleaning/washing of hands they can introduce a parasite through the preparation of food. Washing of hands and using precautionary techniques is the best way to prevent the contamination or spreading of parasites. What parasitic forms can be seen in the feces of a patient with hookworm? Eggs can be seen in hookworm, Eggs and body parts can be seen in tapeworm, in cryptosporidiosis the parasite can be seen, in trichinosis, the doctor will look for the antibodies of the roundworm. (Merck, 2015) What parasitic forms can be seen in the blood of a patient with African sleeping sickness? Filariasis? Amebiasis? In the blood of an individual with African sleeping sickness, the T. b. rhodesiense parasites can be found. In Filariasis, According to The Center for Disease Control (CDC), â€Å"The adult worms only live in the human lymph system† (CDC, 2015). For Amebiasis The Center for Disease Control also states that, â€Å"Diagnosis can be difficult because other parasites can look very similar toE. histolyticawhen seen under a microscope† (CDC, 2015), but the cysts can be seen in the stools/feces of an infected person. What is meant by the â€Å"life cycle† of a parasite? What importance does it have to those who take care of patients with parasitic diseases? The life cycle depends on the parasite, there are stages, the parasite infects a host, feeds off of the host and lays eggs. Sometimes the eggs hatch and sometimes the y turn into cysts. The eggs, cysts and sometimes parts of the body are then transferred out of the body through fecal matter, or sometimes infected blood. When this happens they then go onto the next host and the cycle repeats. The main importance is protection and cleanliness. Proper use of protective wear and then washing of the hands and any surfaces that may have been contaminated are the primary rules for the containment of spreading parasites. References ACC, A. C. (2015, January 13). Retrieved from http://www.austincc.edu/microbugz/macconkey_agar.php Amrita, U. o. (2015, January 13). Amrita. Retrieved from http://amrita.vlab.co.in/?sub=3brch=76sim=693cnt=2 Anderson, P. (2015, January 13). Retrieved from protozoa.uga.edu/education/students/for_students_sop_web_ora CDC. (2015, January 13). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lymphaticfilariasis/ Diagnostics, H. (2015, January 13). Retrieved from https://catalog.hardydiagnostics.com/cp_prod/Content/hugo/SIMMedium.htm Hussian, M. (2015, January 12). Retrieved from http://microbiologyon-line.blogspot.com/2009_08_02_archive.html Illinois, S. U. (2015, January 13). Retrieved from http://www.siue.edu/~cbwilso/250myco1_032.htm Judelson, H. (2015, January 8). Retrieved from http://oomyceteworld.net/protocols/autoclave operation.pdf Kenneth Todar, P. (2015, January 8). Retrieved from http://textbookofbacteriology.net/control.html Medicine, N. L. (2015, January 12). Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3808259/ Merck. (2015, January 13). Retrieved from http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/parasitic_infections/hookworm_infection.html Morello, J., Granato, P., Morton, V. (2013). , Paul Granato, and Verna Morton. In Microbiology: Applications to Patient Care, 11th Editio (p. 111). McGraw-Hill.

Doctor Faustus Essay

Doctor Faustus, a talented German scholar who belittles the limits of human knowledge, believes that he has learned all that can be learned by conventional means. What is left for him, he thinks, but magic? He is offered a choice of Christian conscience by a good angel, and the path to damnation by an evil angel. Two fellow scholars, Valdes and Cornelius, teach him the fundamentals of black magic. Eventually, Faustus summons the devil Mephistopheles and the terms of their pact are agreed upon. In return for his immortal soul, Faustus will be granted twenty-four years of power, with Mephistopheles as his servant. In this play, the writer, Christopher Marlowe used symbolism through the play. Symbolism in general means the presentation of objects, moods and ideas through the medium of emblems or symbols. For example, When Faustus makes his pact with the devil, he signs it with his own blood. But as he goes to write, his blood thickens. That was a key moment in the play. Faustus wonders, â€Å"What might the staying of my blood portend? / Is it unwilling I should write this bill?† (2.1.62-63). He thinks since his blood is thickening and clotting it is some type of sign. At this point, Faustus believes his sticky blood is a symbol, a part of himself that’s unwilling to give it all up for the devil and also that Lucifer insists on having the document written in blood. To him, this blood represents Faustus’s person. If he has the blood, he has Faustus. So it’s a symbol to Lucifer, too. Without the blood, there’s nothing physical to represent Faustus’s soul. Then, at the end of the play, as he waits for death, Faustus cries out, â€Å"One drop of blood will save me. O, my Christ!†. Here, again, blood is a symbol of the whole person—Christ. Another example of symbolism that writer uses is when Faustus resolves to sell his soul to the devil in exchange for Mephistopheles, his decision to give it is not enough. Instead, Mephistopheles tells him, â€Å"thou must bequeath it solemnly/And write a deed of gift with thine own blood;/Fo r the security craves Lucifer† (2.1.333-35). This meant that Dr. Faustus has to sign over his soul in a written contact. Faustus does as Lucifer asks, which was writing a contract that’s gives ownership of his soul to Lucifer in exchange for twenty-four years of having Mephistopheles around to boss. In legal terminology, this contact is called a â€Å"deed of gift,† It becomes the symbol  of Faustus’s decision to serve the devil; and since some definitions of sin state it as just that the decision to serve the devil instead of God, it also becomes a symbol of sin more generally. The contract is terrifying because it was actually real. It was made of paper and blood, and Faustus and Mephistopheles can see it and hold it in their hands. So while Faustus’s decision to serve the devil is not much more than an idea, this is an object that Lucifer can point to and say you belong to me. Faustus’s decision is put into document form to symbolize just how difficult, if not impossible, it will be Faustus to take back even if he really wants to. In conclusion, the writer, Christopher Marlowe used symbolism to his advantage which intensified the tragic appeal of this great drama.

The American Industial Revolution Period

The growth in large-scale industry and labor unions in the second half of the nineteenth century can be explained in many ways. Unlike earlier in the century, now there were broad markets, fast expansion in good economic times, thus causing a rise in demand for more goods. Additionally, new inventions with development in big business caused large scale industrialization to become possible. Lastly, companies† ability to employ mass numbers of people to work in their factories for cheap further encouraged industries† growth. With companies hiring people to do hard work for cheap, labor unions form. Generally, as industries grew and grew the working conditions for the workers got worse and worse, encouraging an increase and growth of labor unions. America was a growing country. The expansion west needed industrial recourses. The railroad itself encouraged the industries of steel, coal, wood, glass and rubber. The expansion west was not the only thing that encouraged the growth of industry, good economic times and a rise in population fueled the growth of industry. People would want more â€Å"stuff† and houses would need to be built as well as highrise buildings in urban centers to accommodate the density of people in the cities. All these factors caused a rise in demand for industrial goods in a large market. There is more reason, though, that large-scale industries were growing. New inventions helped a great deal in making the large-scale manufacturing of industrial goods possible. The Bessemer process, for example, helped the manufacturing of steel in the steel industry, made it possible to produce large quantities of steel in a relatively short period of time. The invention of electric power by Thomas Edison allowed factory machinery to be run by electricity, cutting the cost of employing people to run the machinery while increasing the productivity of the machines. Always increasing productivity, these inventions and others like it were essential to progression of big industry. these were harnessed and effectively put into use by big businesses. Big businesses were the economic powers behind the growth of their industries. With corporations, unlike earlier, businesses could outlive their founders so that they could be allowed to thrive without having to worry and the death of the founder because with shares in the stock market, people could own parts of the company, there was never one person who was the sole owner. Additionally, in the late nineteenth century, there weren†t regulations which allowed the businesses to grow in ways which it wouldn†t be allowed to grow today. Often times, vertical integration allowed several types of industries to be grouped under one big company thus securing their operation. All these things helped the businesses prosper. Since the big businesses were behind the large-scale industries, the industries prospered too. Essential to the growth of large scale industry are the workers. Between 1870 and 1890, 8 million immigrants came to America for a better life, they ended up working in factories. Unlike the native workers, the immigrants were willing to work for cheap. This let the industry cut the cost of employing workers, in fact, many industries went to European sources to find workers for more cheap labor. The native Americans who, generally, were driven from the countryside got the higher paying supervisory jobs in the industries. So this â€Å"pool† of labor further allowed the large scale industries to grow more. The working conditions in these industries were horrible. Cutting costs in an industry was a big deal. Unfortunately, most of the time, cutting costs meant long hours for the workers, lower wages and requirements on the amount of work you do in a day which was usually too much. Because of these bad conditions labor unions were formed to protest against them, but mostly to force the companies to higher wages, lower hours or better working conditions. Since workers were essential to the operation of the industries, the labor unions often organized strikes to demand change in wage, hours etc†¦ In 1877 when wages for the workers in the Baltimore and Ohio railroad were cut by 20% there was the first nationwide strike that set the path for an era of confrontation between labor unions and management. Often, federal troops and state militia intervened because the strikes got violent and the movement collapsed but sometimes strikes were successful. The industrial revolution between 1865 and 1900 set a period of economic growth. The success of this industrial growth was due to a combination of contributing factors. A rise in demand for industrial goods along with growth in big business were the essential things in causing the growth of large-scale industry. Additionally new inventions that helped the manufacturing of these goods and cheap labor encouraged further this growth. In the big picture, this industrialization of the country fueled the growth of it in area, in population and finally, in economy.

Interview With Pakistani Essay - 1595 Words

Interview With Pakistani Ethnology is the part of anthropology that focuses on the cultures of the world; its written results are published in ethnographies. While conducting my first ethnology I learned more about my friend Mohammed than I have learned about him in the seven years I have been acquainted with him. Moe works at a convenience store and gas station that I have been frequenting since before I was even old enough to have a car to fill up with gas. Moe is originally from Pakistan, he was born in the city of Karachi, but has been in this country for 20 years. His native language is Urdu. Moe is thirty-eight years old and is married with two children. Both of his children were also born in Pakistan and are now naturalized†¦show more content†¦The Muslims also have very important religious holidays like other religions of the world, perhaps the most important religious holiday for the Muslims is Ramadan. Ramadan is a month long period of fasting that comes once every lunar calendar. The fasting is observed from sunup to sundown and during this period no eating, sex or lying is allowed. During this time a Muslim must also give to others in the name of Islam. At the end of the period of Ramadan large celebrations occur with lots of giving and exchanging of food. This seems to be similar to the Christian Easter or Christmas. Islam seems to be a very interesting religion and I intend to study it further with the help of the Quran, the holy book of Islam, of which Moe gave me a copy as a gift. Anthropology defines social structure as the sum of the patterns of relationships in a society. Moe’s social structure is quite interesting, and is quite different from what we are used to here. Perhaps the difference that I found most interesting is that in Islam and his home country of Pakistan, marriage among first cousins is not only accepted but also actually quite common. 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